
|
ANNOUNCEMENTS &
NEW ITEMS:
(Most recent at top of column)
(2023 July 28):
Author’s Curriculum Vitae has been updated to include the discovery
of meta-thermodynamics processes.
(2023 July 21): The revolution in cosmology continues. The first
documentation of Nature’s entropy-lowering mechanism —involving a
structure encompassing two separate and independent processes— has been
published. The latest DSSU article presents a discussion of how cosmic-scale
entropy neutrality is maintained —how two processes prevent the Universe
from ever running down. Press
Release.
Meanwhile: The Great Enslavement continues. The ongoing
implementation measures and events —including real and imagined crises— are
too numerous for the average person to keep track of, let alone deal with.
Sometimes too covert to recognize. Oftentimes seemingly benevolent, like the
pending implementation of digital currency. And always propagandized.
(2023 July 1): The report on Nature’s Entropy-Lowering
Processes has been accepted for publication. Five of five
journal-appointed Reviewers deemed the research article to be
"scientifically correct." ... Details to follow.
(2023 March 24 ... April 15): Latest research paper Nature’s Entropy-Lowering
Processes is currently under review.
Meanwhile: Tyranny in Canada! The persecution of Pastor Artur
Pawlowski. Listen to the incredible first-hand account: Just Right Program
#802 (2023-3-16)
(2023 February): DSSU research article currently being prepared deals with
entropy ... with a focus on Nature's remarkable entropy-lowering
mechanism.
(2023 January 16): Who would believe it! An American official holiday for
communism and its foremost promoter. Clearly the lessons of history have
been ignored … all the while the repression, and enslavement, continues.
(2023 January): DSSU Cosmology is now into its 22nd year
on the Internet —the revolution continues.
(2022 December 28): Now PUBLISHED !
“Laws of Physics Twentieth-Century Scientists
Overlooked”
Available on AMAZON.com
and on
amazon.ca
(2022 November 11): Remembrance Day in Canada (Veterans Day in USA,
Remembrance Sunday in Britain). Take a moment to reflect on the Allied
scheme for genocide: The Morgenthau Plan.
"After World War II ended, some in the Allied coalition
wanted to crush the already-prostrate German nation for standing up to its
banker-dominated New World Order agenda. Drafted by the Soviets and
initially scrapped, it was resurrected after the war for the sole purpose of
genociding as many Germans as possible." –The Barnes Review Vol.28, No.6
(2022 Nov) page 54
(2022 August 30): Press Release (2022 August).
(2022 August 20): The 20-year quest for the ultimate truth has paid off
… We now know how the energy of the Universe is continuously replenished.
The details are revealed in the Open Access Article “Mainspring
Mechanism of the Universe” published in the International Journal of
Cosmology, Astronomy and Astrophysics. Presented is the four-process
mechanism that drives and sustains the grand Cosmic system —now and forever.
Hi-resolution REPRINT.
Meanwhile … the decline of Western Civilization continues. Let us not
forget Ayn Rand’s warning:
“When you see that in order to produce, you need to obtain permission
from men who produce nothing – When you see that money is flowing to those
who deal, not in goods, but in favors – When you see that men get richer by
graft and by pull than by work, and your laws don’t protect you against them
but protect them against you – When you see corruption being rewarded and
honesty becoming a self-sacrifice – You may know that your society is
doomed.” –A. Rand, Atlas Shrugged, 1957
(2022 August 12): In the Just Right Media
program #771, Robert Metz reveals one of the great secrets of our
Universe. The Universe was never created! It had no beginning! … The
elegant and profound reasoning substantiating this claim is presented in the
fourth-quarter segment of the August 11th podcast.
(2022 August 1): The third DSSU book is ready for publication.
Particulars: Laws of Physics
20th-Century Scientists Overlooked
(2022 July 1): Current project: The third DSSU book is nearing
completion.
(2022 February 13-15): Dresden Hellstorm days of
remembrance. Ask yourself, what could possibly motivate a people to
machinate and implement the total destruction of the most beautiful and
cultural city on the planet? Search deeply into your inner self, and reflect
on the mind-polluting power of indoctrination.
Remembering Dresden 77 years after the terror bombing.
(2022 January 1): The "Directory" webpage has been updated.
ANNOUNCEMENTS & comments from
earlier years are available HERE.
|
The Nature of Gravitational Collapse
Subtitle: How the photon, the particle of light, is responsible for mass,
gravity, superneutron stars, and supermassive black holes
—Reveals the truth about stellar and supermassive black holes.
This work contains 311+ pages, 67 illustrations, references, and
index. …
Second printing details (2017 November)
First printing details (Lambert Academic
Publishing, 2017 July)
Guide to the Construction of the Natural Universe
Participate in a unique exploration of the Cosmos: venture into the
sub-atomic realm, even into the sub-quantum realm where the roots of reality
reside, and into the domain of cosmic-scale cell-structure and beyond to
infinity. Along the way, discover the cause of mass, the cause of
gravitation, and rediscover Einstein’s “nonponderable” aether and Heraclitus’
harmony-of-opposites principle. … The book represents the ultimate
vindication for all the skeptics who resisted the "preposterous" Big Bang
mythology and who refused to join the exploding-cosmos religion.
The book contains 317 pages, 61 illustrations, references, and
index …
Available from
C-FAR Books.
Or use this
mail-in Order Form.
(Also available at
Niagara Falls Public Library)
POPULAR RESEARCH PAPERS:
Mass-to-Energy Conversion,
the Astrophysical Mechanism –Published in Journal of High Energy
Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology, Vol.5, No.2 (2019).
HTML version.
Nature’s Supreme Mechanism
for Energy Extraction from Nonmaterial Aether –Published in
Infinite Energy
Magazine Vol.24,
Issue#144 (2019 March/April)
The Nature of Gravity –How One Factor Unifies Gravity’s Convergent,
Divergent, Vortex, and Wave Effects –Published in the International
Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science, Vol.6,
No.5, 2018.
-------------------------
Natural Mechanism for the Generation and Emission of Extreme
Energy Particles –Published in Physics Essays
Vol.31, No.3, p358 (2018). (Reprint)
-------------------------
Sachs-Wolfe Effect Disproof –Published in the International
Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science, Vol.6, No.1, 2018. (
Abstract & Links.)
"The Nature of Gravitational Collapse"
–Published in American Journal of Astronomy & Astrophysics. (
Abstract and Links.)
(Note, there is a typo in AJA&A posted version in the Fig-10
caption. It should read: … acceleration is proportional to 1/r2.)
|
Glossary of Terms
used in Cosmology and Astrophysics with particular emphasis on DSSU theory.
(Opens in separate Window or Tab)
|
GENERAL INTEREST ARTICLES:
Mysteries & Paradoxes that Plague Standard Cosmology
(Updated 2015-7)
Cosmology Crisis of 1998 (Revised 2015-5)
Critique of Conventional Cosmology ...
comments relating to the 'preposterous' expanding-universe paradigm.
Bafflement
—the remarkable admission of a physicist.
The Cosmology Debate That Never Happened
—During the 20th century there was a decades-long debate: The cataclysmic
expanding universe VS the stable expanding universe. But there has never
been a debate of the dynamic expanding universe VS the dynamic
non-expanding universe. (Posted
2011 Oct)
Models of the Universe
—Historical, Expanding, and Cellular universes. INCLUDES USEFUL TABLES FOR
COMPARING THEORIES.
The Universe Is Infinite
(Part 1)
—overcoming a "central" problem of cosmology theories.
The Universe Is Infinite
(Part 2)
—an explanation of how the universe can always have existed and will always
exist.
DSSU, The
Non-Expanding Universe: Structure, Redshift, Distance
—A long sought-after goal of astrophysicists has been a formulation of cosmic distance that is
independent of the speed of light. The goal has now been achieved. The
present Paper details the surprisingly simple distance expression and its
validating agreement with Supernova data.
Why Copernicus Did Not Need a Force of Gravity
—Explores the question of why no one, except Newton, invoked a force.
(Re-Posted February, 2014)
Gravity and Lambda —A Story of Opposites
(.htm) —A story of opposites in harmony. Key differences between the Conventional
Cosmology and the New Cosmology are presented.
Dynamic Cosmic Cell
—The Structural Component of the DSSU —Animated image and discussion
of the self-sustaining, self-balancing system.
Why
Einstein Did Not Receive the Nobel Prize for His Theory of Relativity
—“By 1922 Einstein had been nominated about fifty times —most were for his
relativity theories.”
Questions & Answers & Comments
|
COSMOLOGY ARTICLES, etc:
(2016 June) FREE DOWNLOAD details:
DSSU Validated by Redshift Theory and Structural Evidence,
Physics Essays, Vol.28, No.4, p455-473 (2015 Dec)
—Delivers the coup de grâce to the Big Bang.
Abstract & Links.
Both Reviewers enthusiastically endorsed this "well-written and incisive
article."
The Dynamic Steady State Universe.
This work brings together the main pieces of the cosmic
puzzle in a step-by-step construction of the Natural Universe.
Published in Physics
Essays Vol.27 No.2 (2014 June issue) (PDF download) "... the arguments
are well-made. The article is competent, enjoyable and readable." —Reviewer
for Physics Essays Journal
Revolutionary:
Olbers’
Paradox Resolved for the Infinite Non-Expanding Universe, American Journal of Astronomy & Astrophysics
Vol.4, No.1, (2016 January).
Abstract & links.
Reprint PDF.
Excerpts:
● “The man accredited with discovering universe expansion did not believe
that the universe was expanding. Hubble was convinced that the key evidence,
the cosmic redshift, was caused by some other factor, something more
fundamental than mere expansion.”
● “With the recent discovery of a new cosmic-redshift mechanism, and its
theoretical validation, it turns out that Hubble was right.”
● Explains how “an infinite, non-expanding, perpetually regenerating
universe" is able to predict a dark night sky.
Cosmic Redshift in the Nonexpanding Cellular Universe (
Journal links
) —details the actual causal mechanism. Published in the
American Journal of Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol.2, No.5 (2014)
Abstract.
Local copy with quality images: (Reprint pdf).
HIGHLIGHTS:
• Entirely new concept for cosmic redshift mechanism;
• Retains the foundation premise of all modern cosmology;
• But does not require whole-universe expansion;
• A redshift based on the DSSU theory of unified gravity & cosmic cellular
structure;
• Remarkable agreement with independently established redshift distances.
The Cosmology Debate That Never Happened
What historians call "the greatest cosmological debate in
history” was between TWO expanding universes —two
hypothetical models that share the same, I repeat, the same
foundational property! If one is to claim some great clash of ideas (let
alone the "greatest") then surely there must exist some deep dividing
difference! (Posted 2011-10)
The Case for a Cellular Universe
—the Story of a Baffling Omission in Modern Cosmology (Rev2014)
Large-Scale Structure of the Dynamic Steady State Universe published in
the American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol.4, No.6,
2016, pp.65-77.
Astract and Links.
Highlights:
■ Presents the first 2 of the 4 main postulates that define the DSSU.
■ Space-medium expansion and contraction are perpetually held in balance,
thus ensuring a non-expanding universe.
■ Explains how the two dynamic processes of the DSSU’s space medium sustain
the cellular structure responsible for the pattern of matter distribution in
our Universe.
Galaxy Morphology:
Ellipticity, Its Origin & Progression in Comoving Galaxies, American Journal of Astronomy & Astrophysics,
AJAA, Vol.3, No.2, 2015.
Journal
Abstract and Links.
Local
high-resolution PDF.
HTML version available from AJAA here.
HIGHLIGHTS:
• Provides the first-ever natural explanation for the cause of the
elliptical shape of nonrotating galaxies
• Retains the foundation premise of all modern cosmology but rejects the
absurd concept of whole-universe expansion
• Takes full advantage of the universe’s cosmic cellular structure and
exploits the DSSU theory of unified gravity domains
• Amazingly, the mechanism that stretches galaxies turns out to be the very
same mechanism that causes the cosmic spectral redshift!
Cosmic-Redshift Distance Law Without c
Without H –Comments &
Links– Simplifying the redshift-distance formula by removing the
speed-of-light constant and the Hubble parameter —while maintaining
agreement with observational evidence.
|
DSSU Theory:
DSSU Validated by Redshift Theory and Structural Evidence,
Physics Essays, Vol.28, No.4, p455-473 (2015 Dec)
—Delivers the coup de grâce to the Big Bang.
Abstract & Links.
Both Reviewers enthusiastically endorsed this "well-written and incisive
article."
A historical tour of
universes culminating with the Natural Universe —This
essay gives a thematic tour of historical and modern universes. ... While the Universe
is endlessly speaking, forever sending signals; philosophers and scientists
listen and interpret.
Currently undergoing revision and updating: Theoretical Foundation and Pillars of the Dynamic Steady State Universe —The first complete presentation of all four
postulates of DSSU theory. A powerful paper that resolves the
cause-of-causes paradox, explains the non-independent nature of time, and
reveals the 'supreme advantage'. It includes a concise comparison with
standard cosmology focusing on real-world viability.
The Fundamental Process of Energy —A Qualitative Unification of
Energy, Mass, and Gravity. (Abstract
& Reviews & Links) … This article reveals
the secret behind photon confinement. (Contains only a bare minimum of mathematics
and mainly in one of the 14 sections.)
PART 1 published in
Infinite Energy Magazine Issue #113 (Jan/Feb 2014)
PART 2 published in
Infinite Energy Magazine Issue
#114 (Mar/Apr 2014)
Headlined as:
A "Conceptual Unification of Energy, Mass and Gravity"

Dynamic Cosmic Cell
—The Structural Component of the DSSU —Animated image and discussion
of the self-sustaining, self-balancing system.
Unified Gravitation Cells
of the DSSU —Constructing the Universe with Cosmic Gravity Cells
Aether Flow
Equations and Expansion-Contraction Rates (pdf) —This paper
explores the mathematical aspects of the two space-medium postulates of DSSU
theory —and uncovers some profound consequences.
|
ARTICLES on AETHER:
Documentary
movie footage in which Einstein states, "There exists an aether"
—High
resolution .mpg video.
—Low
resolution .wmv video.
The
Aether Experiments and the Impact on Cosmology
—Aether was detected first in 1887 and then several more times during the
20th century. Its 21st–century "rediscovery" (in 2001) led to the long-sought causal mechanism of
gravity —a discovery which has revolutionizing cosmology.
Michelson-Morley and the
Story of the Aether Theory —Richard Milton's analysis of the
historical details involving the misrepresentation, bias, and cover-up that
hampered the Aether theory.
The History of the Aether Theory
—The historic development of the
aether as a scientific theory of the universal space medium. What started as the "fifth
element" of Antiquity becomes molded by theoretical constraints and
experimental evidence into the dual-dynamic sub-quantum medium —the Essence of the Universe.
(Updated
2019-12)
Relativity of
Time in the Aether-Space of the DSSU —How intrinsic time and relative time are related.
DSSU Relativity –The Lorentz Transformations Applied to Aether-Space —Ranzan
Reprinted by permission of Physics Essays Publication,
Physics Essays Vol.23, No.3, p520. (2010).
ABSTRACT
Physical Nature of Length Contraction
—the DSSU Theory of Length Contraction Induced by Absolute Motion.
An easy to follow examination of how the mode by which matter is “conducted”
through luminiferous aether causes the matter to contract. A simple
derivation of the mathematical expression for this physical phenomenon is
presented. There is also a brief discussion of relevant historical aspects
and of nonphysical length contraction.
Reviewer's comments:
“This is amazing …” “The paper is interesting …” –Applied Physics
Research reviewer. Published in
Applied Physics Research journal
Vol.5, No.1
(2013
Feb).
Contradiction Divides Two Aether Theories
—An exploration into the three parts of the speed-of-light postulate.
Reprinted by permission of PEP, from
Physics Essays Journal
(Vol 24, No.3, Sept, 2011)
...
ABSTRACT
Basic-level mathematical and graphical exploration of dynamic aether flow:
PDF
Here is an external webpage with an extensive list of
research papers on the aether-drift experiments, and the larger question of energy in space.
|
DSSU RESEARCH PAPERS:
Sachs-Wolfe Effect Disproof (published in in the International
Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science Vol.6, No.1, 2018.)
Abstract & links.
DSSU Cosmic Redshift-Distance Relation (htm)
—Converting the cosmic redshift into distance for our Cellular Universe using
a simple and elegant equation.
Large Scale Structure of the Dynamic Steady State Universe (pdf)
How a dual-dynamic space medium sustains the cellular structure (published in AJAA in 2016).
—Presents the postulates and implications of regional space-medium expansion and contraction.
Cosmic-Scale Structural Features Explained (pdf)
(Chapter 2 of original DSSU Manuscript)
—The Spacing of Clusters
—Sheets of Galaxies
—Supernodes
—Right-angled Walls of Galaxies.
The Cosmic Background Radiation in the DSSU
—The natural explanation of the microwave background radiation applicable to
the natural Cellular Universe.
Ellipticity, Its Origin & Progression in Comoving Galaxies,
American Journal of Astronomy & Astrophysics, AJAA, Vol.3, No.2, 2015.
Journal
Abstract and Links
Local
high-resolution PDF.
HTML version available from AJAA here.
HIGHLIGHTS:
• Provides the first-ever natural explanation for the cause of the
elliptical shape of nonrotating galaxies
• Retains the foundation premise of all modern cosmology but rejects the
absurd concept of whole-universe expansion
• Takes full advantage of the universe’s cosmic cellular structure and
exploits the DSSU theory of unified gravity domains
• Amazingly, the mechanism that stretches galaxies turns out to be the very
same mechanism that causes the cosmic spectral redshift!
|
GRAVITY:
The Nature of
Gravity –How One Factor Unifies Gravity’s Convergent, Divergent, Vortex, and
Wave Effects
–Published in International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science
(IJASS),
Vol.6, No.5, 2018, pp.73-92. (Abstract and Links.)
"Revolutionary"
The Nature of Gravitational Collapse
–Published in American Journal of Astronomy & Astrophysics Vol.4,
No.2, 2016, pp.15-33. (Abstract and Links.)
(Note, there is a typo in AJA&A posted version in the Fig-10
caption. It should read: … acceleration is proportional to 1/r2.)
Gravity and Dark Energy (How they
Shape the Universe) –An Introduction. Provides a preamble and overview
for a couple of earlier DSSU articles.
The Processes of Gravitation –The Cause and Mechanism of Gravitation
by C. Ranzan –A revolutionary paper on gravity published in J. Mod. Phys.
Appl. Vol.2014:3 (2014).
(Abstract & Reviews & Links.
Includes link to hi-resolution PDF)
Why Copernicus Did Not Need a Force of Gravity
—Explores the question of why no one, except Newton, invoked a force. (Rev 2011-9)
First ever, journal-published paper featuring the DSSU:
The Story of Gravity and Lambda –How the Theory of Heraclitus Solved the Dark Matter Mystery
–Ranzan
Reprinted by permission of
PEP, from
Physics Essays, Vol 23, No1, p75-87 (2010 Mar).
ABSTRACT
This is the cure for the fallacious belief in cosmic-scale Dark Matter.
The Story of Gravity and Lambda –How the Theory of Heraclitus Solved the Dark Matter Mystery
(Color version) –Ranzan
Considered "an excellent contribution to the [PE journal]" --professional reviewer
(2010).
Unified Gravitation Cells of the DSSU
—Constructing the Universe with Cosmic Gravity Cells
|
RELATIVITY ARTICLES:
Why
Einstein Did Not Receive the Nobel Prize for His Theory of Relativity
(●Abstract ●Links ●Excerpts ●Extras)
—“By 1922 Einstein had been nominated about fifty times —most were for his
relativity theories.”
Einstein’s Simple Mathematical Trick –and the Illusion of a Constant Speed
of Light
(Abridged version with links to Journal-published version. Posted 2013)
Extended Relativity –Exploiting the Loopholes in Einstein's Relativity.
A Logical extension of special relativity. Reprinted by permission of
PEP,
from
Physics Essays Vol.25, No.3 (2012).
— Abstract & Links & Reviews —
The Three Components of the Speed-of-Light Postulate.
Published in Physics Essays journal Vol.26,No.1 (2013)
Local copy:
The
Three Components of the Speed-of-Light Postulate (pdf):
Absolute vs relative. Variance vs invariance. Another instance of the Heraclitian
"Harmony of Opposites." (Reprinted by permission of PEP, from
Physics Essays, Vol.26, No.1,
2013).
Relativity of Time in the Aether
Medium of the DSSU
—Absolute Motion and Intrinsic Time
Resolving a Paradox in Special Relativity –Absolute Motion and the Unified Doppler Equation.
(Posted 2011, July). Reprinted by permission of
PEP, from
Physics Essays Vol.23, No.4, p594 (2010).
ABSTRACT
How DSSU Relativity Resolves the Speed Paradox (Introductory Discussion)
—Absolute Motion Resolves a (speed) Paradox in Einstein’s Special Relativity.
(Supplementary Discussion)
DSSU Relativity –The Lorentz Transformations Applied to Aether-Space
(Posted 2011). Reprinted by permission of Physics Essays Publication,
Physics Essays Vol.23, No.3, p520. (2010).
ABSTRACT
The Key that Extends Einstein’s Relativity (Part 1)
—Response to a reviewer critical of DSSU aether-based relativity
The Key that Extends Einstein’s Relativity (Part 2)
—How to convert abstract-space equations into aether-based equations
Restoring the Physical Meaning of Energy
Published in
Applied Physics Research journal
Vol.5, No.2
(2013).
LOCAL COPY:
Restoring the Physical Meaning of Energy —distinguishing
between the apparent energy and the real energy of moving mass.
|
An Open Letter to the Scientific Community
(Published in New Scientist, May 22, 2004)
"The big bang today relies on a growing number of
hypothetical entities, things that we have never observed-- inflation, dark
matter and dark energy are the most prominent examples. Without them, there
would be a fatal contradiction between the observations made by astronomers
and the predictions of the big bang theory. In no other field of physics
would this continual recourse to new hypothetical objects be accepted as a
way of bridging the gap between theory and observation. It would, at the
least, raise serious questions about the validity of the underlying theory.
..."
continues
...
A devastating Declaration of opposition to Big Bang cosmology
signed by more than 400 Researchers.
Full text:
CosmologyStatement.org
or alternate
site.
|
INTELLECTUAL FREEDOM:
This website is mainly concerned with revisionism in cosmology. Those of us
involved in replacing the unnatural expanding-universe paradigm are aware of
the difficulties involved.
However,
other revisionists have unimaginable difficulties. Consider the ongoing
persecution of revisionists in other fields of intellectual pursuit:
"It makes you wonder —about the immense effort being made
by State and State-sponsored organizations with budgets of tens of millions
of dollars and thousands of employees and associates to smother and punish
these few men and women. Every punishing instrument imaginable is used,
every vicious slander conceivable, every flagrant and pervasive form of
censorship that law allows, including the imprisonment of simple writers for
thought crimes against the State. ... Makes you wonder." —Bradley R. Smith (2011)
"Discussing truth is so controversial, so dangerous … In most of the world it is simply illegal.”
–
Gordon Duff, Senior Editor, Veterans Today (2011)
"The further a society drifts from truth the more it will hate those who
speak it." –George Orwell
●
Pro-Freedom RADIO: Rense Radio
● Pro-Freedom NEWS:
Vanguard News
● InfoWars NEWS: InfoWars
| AlexJones
● Freedom Force
Red Pill University
for truth-seekers.
|
DEDICATION: This website is solemnly dedicated to those
individuals who have conducted research in their chosen field and have
informed others of their inquiries and suffered the consequences when
subpoenaed by the Inquisition or some variant thereof. The dedication
extends to those individuals currently imprisoned, and those facing
trial and persecution simply for exercising their basic human right of
freedom of expression supposedly granted to them under the UN Charter of
Human Rights.
"Every
year, hundreds of writers and other literary professionals around the world
are imprisoned, prosecuted, persecuted, attacked, threatened, forced into
exile or even murdered as a result of their work."
ALSO: Be aware of the continuing threat to our precious freedom of expression on the
Internet. The threat is serious and relentless. It is described as “… the formal effort to mimic Communist China’s
system of Internet censorship.” –
www.InfoWars.com
More information on threats to internet freedom: https://battleforthenet.com/
Reporter-journalist
Arthur Topham, Canadian victim of the Inquisition,
arrested (2012) for posting his research.
“Arthur Topham faces prison time for daring to speak his mind on his own website, as he
faces criminal charges under Canada’s hate crimes legislation contained in
Section 318 - 320 of the criminal code.” –Rights and Freedoms Bulletin Issue
No. 204 Feb 7, 2015.
VERDICT: Arthur Topham found “guilty” AND “not guilty” of hate speech
by a brain-dead jury!
–Dr. James Sears, reporting in “The world’s
Largest Anti-Marxist Publication” (Issue 2015 December,
http://www.yourwardnews.com/backissues.html NOTE: This website has been
taken down by court order pending appeal. --2020)
2016 Update: Panel
Discussion on The Trial of Arthur Topham
Free-speech crusader Bill Whatcott defies British Colombia
Human Rights Tribunal efforts to impose gender language tyranny.
“I have no intention on wasting money on a lawyer for the Morgane Oger vs
Bill Whatcott case, as human rights tribunals are kangaroo courts and the
odds of … getting justice in these biased tribunals is next to zero.” –2017
June (www.freenorthamerica.ca
…)
End of free speech in Britain:
A publisher of history books in Britain has reported that “due to new laws
in the UK all their books will have to be censored moving forward” to avoid
criminal penalties for “inciting racial hatred.” –The Barnes Review (2020 March/April)
p77
A hostile jury, by a hasty unanimous
verdict, decided that Nationalist Leader Jez Turner deserves to be sent to
jail for his critical views! Report (2018-5-15).
British Maverick Psychologist
jailed for publishing his research. … “The ambivalence of librarians
getting writers imprisoned quite defies comprehension.” –Simon Sheppard
(2013)
The repression of free speech in Canada has degenerated to the point where …
■ Freedom advocates, such as Marc Lemire, are censured for merely expressing
their reasoned opinions. Freedomsite, whose motto is “Fighting
for freedom against the censorship enforcers”, documents the official
persecution.
■ A tenured professor has lost his position for revealing his research and
views on history. This is unprecedented. Professor Anthony J. Hall at the
University of Lethbridge, Alberta, has been suspended (2016 October 5)
without pay.
“… Any thinking person should recognize that there is something deeply wrong
when a history professor is persecuted for saying we should be able to
examine our history.” –Monika Schaefer 2017
■ A publisher/editor, for expressing his reality-based views, has been
denied postal services. Dr. James Sears, publisher and editor of
Your Ward News was
stripped of Canada Post Mail Service by government order (2016 June).
■ A violin teacher and truth revealer, Monika Schaefer, for posting a
video (an apology to her dead mother), has been attacked by various
so-called community leaders.
“The treatment of violinist Monika Schaefer signals the end of our free
and democratic society.” –The American Herald Tribune, 2016 Sept
■ American
Speaker Arrested in Canada for the textual material on his iPad
—2017 June 24
While the invasion continues, the “guardians” of the nation are busy
suppressing the freedom of expression: going after deemed violations in what
people think and write and say.
■
Canada Claims Authority to Censor Your Internet Searches –Reason
magazine
The Persecution of Dr James Sears
■ The "justice" system is being used
to suppress opinions: In a legal battle (2018) for freedom of speech in Canada
... the
prosecution and silencing of Dr James Sears expected to cost taxpayers $20 million!
“I estimate the Board of Review, police investigating and
Crown prosecuting us on criminal matters, will cost the taxpayers over $20
million, assuming no appeals past 2018 (murderers & rapists will walk free
as huge blocks of court time bump their cases, causing them to be thrown
out).”
–Dr James Sears, Your Ward News, Fall, 2018, p17
Updates are posted at
www.yourwardnews.ca .
Update for 2019 April 8:
Why the ruling against Your Ward News hurts free speech in Canada
Updates for 2019 Aug: LINK to Several postings.
Update for 2020:
Sentenced to one year in
jail for revealing the truth.
Update for 2021 July:
Political Prisoner
James Sears.
(2021 November 18): The Canadian Association for Free Expression Honours Dr
James Sears with the 2021 George Orwell Free Speech Award
● Editor of (anti-Marxist) Your Ward News
● Brilliant satirist, researcher, writer, free speech warrior & dedicated
anti-masker
● Recently (Oct 1)
released political prisoner
(2022 February): Dr James
Sears, Editor of Your Ward News and winner of the 2021 George Orwell Free
Speech award, was
arrested at GUNPOINT (Feb 3) by three police while leaving his regular
appointment with his parole officer. Sears is now back in prison.
Protests continue.
The Continuing Struggle for Freedom
A ray of hope in the ongoing struggle for freedom. Populist and nationalist
movements around the world are gaining ascendancy over the New World Order’s
effort to establish global governance and impose tyrannical control over
every last square meter of the Earth’s surface. –The Barnes Review
Vol.23 No.1 (2017 Jan p70)
"This
Is Very Serious" –S. Molyneux, 2018-7
(7-minute
video on the importance of freedom of speech)
The ongoing fight for freedom and truth. –Just
Right Media (2020, Sept 18, program)
In repressive Germany:
Ursula Haverbeck,
89, Sentenced to 14 Months in Jail for Heresy! –2017 November
This amazing 89-year-old woman continues advocating under the dictum: "Only
the truth will set you free”.
Mrs. Haverbeck, along with her late husband, founded the education facility
Collegium Humanum in 1963, but which was banned by the Marxist thought police in
2008.
Update (2018-5-16): Ursula Haverbeck will celebrate her 90th birthday in a
German prison
cell. The sprightly grandmother is now serving a
two-year prison term without parole merely for stating a sincerely
held opinion that is supported by acclaimed academics worldwide!!
“Frau Haverbeck is now sentenced to two years in prison, merely for her
peaceful historical research” –The Barnes Review Vol.24, No.5
(Sept/Oct 2018) p71
UPDATE (2019-11):
On November 9th (2019), the very day of Ursula Haverbeck’s 91st. birthday,
hundreds of German nationalists, patriots and friends, well-wishers and
admirers rallied in her support. Report on the Rally to Celebrate
Political Prisoner Ursula Haverbeck.
Update (2020-12): This 92-year-old peaceful woman has just
been released from jail, having spent 2&1/2 years behind bars, and less than
2 weeks later was in court in Berlin for more charges ... was
again sentenced to prison!!!
INFO on Monika Schaefer's case: https://wir-sind-monika.com/
For expressing her opinion on historical events, Canadian citizen
Monika Schaefer has been arrested and imprisoned
(2018-1-3) in Germany. She had committed no crime. Author Mike Walsh warns
potential visitors to Germany to stay away from this dangerous police state.
–Merkel
Madness Grips Germany, (2018-1-7)
... Found guilty and sentenced to 10 months of imprisonment (time
served); her brother Alfred was sentenced to 38 months!! –(2018
November)
UPDATE (2019 August 10): Corruption of justice in Germany continues.
Alfred Schaefer
Receives 18 Months Additional Prison Time for Defending Himself!
Punished for simply presenting evidence for his own defense in court!
The 2022 George
Orwell Free Speech Award was presented to Alfred and Monika Schaefer,
July 30, 2022 in Vancouver.
A Response &
Appreciation of the Awards to Monika & Alfred Schaefer, by Timothy Cuish
of the Daily Rake.
For more on Freedom (and Objectivism),
visit:
Freedomain Radio (www.freedomainradio.com)
presented by Stefan Molyneux.
Just Right Media (www.justrightmedia.org)
|
... about the author ...
Curriculum Vitae
© Copyright 2005-2023 by
Conrad Ranzan & DSSU Research
For information regarding permission to reproduce selected material herein, please contact:
D S S U Research
Niagara Falls, Canada
22 years on the Internet.
Most recent update:
2023 July 28
Visits since mid-2010 :

2023-7-28
|
| |
Why Copernicus Did Not Need a Force of Gravity
An exploration of why no one, except Newton, invoked a "force"
Conrad Ranzan
Published on the Cellular Universe website (www.cellularuniverse.org
) 2011, rev 2019-8
URL: http://www.CellularUniverse.org/ G5_GravityNotAForce.htm
1. Why Copernicus Did Not Need a Force
of Gravity
Most people are surprised to learn
that Copernicus (1473-1543), indeed, did not need a gravitational force. In
his "revolutionary" view, the Earth did not need a gravitational force and
neither did the Copernican Solar System. The motion of Earthly objects and
of the planets (and other heavenly bodies) was governed by principles
developed by the Ancients. ... Gravity was not one of them.

Credit: Synnberg Photo-gravure
Co., Chicago, Philosophical Portrait Series, Open Court Publishing
Co., Chicago, courtesy AIP Emilio Segre Visual Archives |
If we look back to the Ancient Greeks and examine the system devised
by Aristotle (384-322 BC), we find that his Geocentric cosmos did not need a
force of gravity. The cosmos was ruled by the principles of natural motion. The
natural motion of any terrestrial object involved "seeking its natural place."
Since their natural place, it was reasoned, was at the center of the Earth, all falling objects
were in "natural motion." No force was involved in such motion. As for
celestial bodies, their natural
motion involved moving in circles around the Earth and, so, they accorded with their natural position as an embedded body on one or
another transparent-and-rotating celestial sphere. In the celestial realm
of concentric crystal spheres, Aristotle's system embodied Pythagoras's geometric ideal of perfect circular
orbits. In the celestial realm, as in the terrestrial, no force was involved.
We could go even further back, before the time of Aristotle, and consider the
rings-and-spheres system devised by Anaximander. Anaximander of Miletus (also
known as Anaximandros) was born about 610 BC and died some
time after 547 BC. Anaximander argued that the Sun was a
hole in a fire-filled ring that encircled the Earth and revolved around it. The
Moon was an opening in a separate fire-filled ring. The Moon-ring, however, had
passages shaped like pipes through which the light from the fire escaped.
Thus the phases of the Moon were explained by the Moon-pipe opening seen from
various angles. The stars, he believed, were nothing more than holes in a
rotating sphere, revealing otherwise hidden fires of the firmament.
And what, you might ask, kept the rings and spheres turning and kept the heavenly bodies moving along their
celestial paths before the discovery of "natural motion" by the Ancients? ... It
was the intervention of divine beings, the truly ancient mythical gods. It was
pure magic. Helios the God of the Sun was conveyed in a chariot drawn by seven
horses on daily journeys across the sky. The Egyptian version has Ra the Sun God
being ferried by a heavenly boat as it cyclically sails across the daylight sky
and through the dark Underworld. Each wandering star (planet) was under the
control of a patron god or several gods.

Aristarchus of Samos
~310 to ~230 BC |
The mathematician/astronomer Aristarchus of Samos (circa 280 BC) did
not need a force of gravity for his Heliocentric system. Although Aristarchus is
usually credited with being the first to place the Sun in a stationary state at
the center of the universe the idea can be traced back to earlier philosophers.
There was Philolaus of Croton, a pupil of the Pythagorean school in the 5th
century BC, who suggested that the Earth orbits the Sun, not vice versa. Then,
in the following century, the philosopher Heracleides of Pontus built on
Philolaus’ ideas. The final touches were added by Aristarchus, who was born in
310 BC, the same year that Heracleides died.[1] Like his fellow contemporary
Greeks, Aristarchus subscribed to Aristotle's
principles of motion for keeping his system running effortlessly. No force was
required. Earth and the planets simply followed preordained, perfectly circular,
orbits. However, having the Sun stationary at the center with the Earth flying
around in "natural circular motion" was, at the time, considered too radical ! The idea was shelved and lay dormant for almost eighteen centuries.
Heliocentric versus Geocentric:
The Greek State (and later the Roman State) was
the center of the civilized world —the focal point of reason and
order. But it is the nature of a powerful State to inflate its own
importance beyond all reasonable bounds. Why be content with holding
the central position of Man's world, when the State could be at the
very center of the Cosmos. And so, the Geocentric system received
State sponsorship, the Heliocentric system did not. And the Earth
became the center of the Universe.
For a modern analogy consider the American State during the 20th
century. This powerful nation vastly expanded its influence and dominance over
the world. It comes as no surprise that, as the ruling imperial State, it would (and did)
sponsor an expanding-universe cosmology. The idea of a stable and steady-state
universe was ridiculed. And so, our Worldview became dominated by
an absurdly unnatural Big Bang.
The Big Bang cosmology is supported by the Official space
agency, NASA, and big budgets courtesy of the imperial State. |
It happened that Aristotle's system rose to dominancy. Sadly, what was
actually valid, the Aristarchean Heliocentricity, had been rejected; and what
was dubiously valid, the natural state of circular motion, had been retained. In
time, this error, no doubt, would have been discovered and quickly corrected.
However, the Geocentric system became the "official" system backed by State and
Church (often one and the same). ... Aristotle's Worldview became the
theoretical foundation of Claudius Ptolemy's detailed astronomical system, which
he documented in
the monograph know as the Almagest. It was also adopted by the Christian Church (to the future
consternation of Galileo).
Fast-forward many long centuries. It is the 16th century and Nicolaus
Copernicus (1473-1543) has rediscovered the old Aristarchean System. By this
time, not surprisingly, things had changed very little. The Official system
still reigned (almost supreme) and everything still worked without a force of
gravity.
|
"Copernicus himself seems to have
thought, in Aristotelian fashion, that the natural motion of the
planets is circular, and he therefore required no special force to
keep them in their orbits." --M.B. Hesse
[2] |
|
We also find that Galileo (1564-1642) was a supporter of the no-force system.
|
"Similarly, Galileo suggests that
the planets were at first given their uniform motion by the Creator,
and that a circular orbit is appropriate to uniform motion, which can
continue indefinitely." --M.B. Hesse
[3] |
|

Nicolaus Copernicus
Credit: AIP Emilio Segre Visual Archives, T.
J. J. See Collection

Galileo Galilei
Credit: AIP Emilio Segre Visual Archives, E. Scott Barr Collection |
Copernicus, as well as Galileo, simply went with the flow: Aristotle had
stated the rules of natural motion; the rules were understood and had become an
enduring part of natural philosophy. There seemed no reason to change the
fundamentals of the world system. (In this light, the Copernican revolution of
demoting the functional position of the Earth appears rather timid.)
But then two discoveries spoiled everything.
First and foremost, Johannes Kepler (1571-1630), after brilliantly analyzing
the numbers that Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe had collected over many years, discovered that
orbits of the local heavenly bodies did not have the divined perfection of
circles. The visible planets actually moved in elliptical orbits. Now, this
was revolutionary. Whereas Copernicus and Galileo had made changes in the
visible structure of the world system, Kepler forced changes in the very
foundation.
Meanwhile, the work of Galileo led to the "discovery" that the natural state
of motion is neither circular nor exponentially downward, but rather uniformly
linear. Galileo, after conducting numerous experiments with rolling balls,
concluded that in the ideal case of zero resistance, horizontal motion would
never stop.
Galileo's rule for horizontal
motion:
Velocity is constant (constant magnitude, constant direction)
provided no force acts on the body. |
In the absence of a net force the motion of the moving ball continues without
change in a linear fashion. Newton, building on the foundation laid by Galileo,
formalized the state of natural motion in a single statement: An object that
is at rest will remain at rest, and an object that is moving will continue to
move in a straight line with constant speed, if and only if the net force acting
on the object is zero.
Let me sum up the situation. Aristotle, Copernicus, and Galileo thought
they had the ideal explanation for the orbital motions of the heavenly bodies.
Aristotle had his rotating harmonious spheres. Copernicus had his idealized
Solar system. Galileo had his Creator-induced heavenly-motion. They all believed
that the natural motion of heavenly bodies is circular. But, in due course, Kepler found
that that belief did not match reality. Kepler discovered that
the planetary orbits are not circular. Real-world orbits are elliptical! Why was
this discovery so revolutionary? ... Because it meant there was some kind of
force, or influence, causing the planets to vary in speed and radial distance. It
meant there was a force that causes the new Newtonian "natural" motion to
deviate from its natural straight-line path.
Isaac Newton (1642-1727), in the 17th century, codified the force-law
that could readily explain the evidence. At least he did so in mathematical
terms. The cosmology that Newton constructed
became the first in history to employ a force of gravity —a force that
mediates the interaction of all mass throughout the universe.
But there was a problem. A force of gravity, if it is to be consistent with
what it means to be a "force," requires a force carrier
—sort of a messenger
particle relaying the force's influence to other bodies (or between bodies). The
problem was, no force carriers have ever been found —not then, and not since.
For many years Newton had pondered the question of the nature of the agent
(modern "force carriers") necessary for the mediation of his gravitation force
but could draw no conclusion; unable even to decide whether such agent is material or immaterial, particulate or ethereal.
However, there is really no need for us to dwell on the missing force
carriers. It turns out that Newton's system was the exception to the rule.
Gravity, in fact, is not a true force.
Now, since I have finished answering the question suggested in the title of
this essay, it might be interesting to explore another chapter of this theme. I
invite the reader to join me in applying the same basic question to three or
four other world systems. The entire presentation is summarized in the
accompanying table.
|
2. Other World Systems
Let us, then, briefly examine why Einstein (1879-1955) did not need a
gravitational force.

Albert Einstein (date 1922)
Credit: Burndy Library Collection, Huntington
Library, courtesy AIP Emilio Segre Visual Arch. |
In 1916-1917 Einstein constructed a universe, commonly known as the Einstein
Equilibrium model, based on a highly abstract theory of gravity called General
Relativity. Einstein's gravity was not a force in the usual sense, rather it was
an effect associated with the curvature of space.
The Einstein universe was a mathematical construction in which the curvature of
space (a mathematical concept) was intimately connected to the presence of matter;
that is, the quantity and density of matter determined the degree of curvature
of space. Now since Einstein's "space" was a mathematical abstraction, the
curvature distortion of such space must also be a mathematical abstraction.
But if the gravity effect is purely an abstraction,
how is it connected to the brick-and-mortar world of reality? ... No causal mechanism has ever been found to explain
how matter “curves” space and how “curvature” sustains a body’s orbital motion.
The problem is deepened by Einstein’s rejection of the existence of any sort of
detectable space medium. In his own words, taken from the famous Leyden Lecture
(1920):
|
"The [a]ether of the general
theory of relativity is a medium which is itself devoid of all
[original italics] mechanical and kinematic qualities."
"But this [a]ether may not be thought of as endowed with the
quality characteristic of ponderable media." –Einstein (1920)
[4] |
|
Einstein worked on the gravity theory for most of his life including the year
of his death, 1955. It is my conviction that because of his insistence on having
space as an abstraction (he called it the relativation of ether, or the
relativization of space, depending on the German-to-English translation), the
cause lurking behind the formulation of gravity was never found.
Now take careful note of the following. Originally (in 1905) Einstein had
been "arguing the total nonexistence of the aether" but by the time he
presented the Leyden Lecture (in 1920) he
had modified his view.
|
"More careful reflection teaches
us, however, that the special theory of relativity does not [after
all] compel us to deny ether." –Einstein (1920)
[5] |
|
His original nonexisting aether now became merely non-ponderable aether (as in the earlier quote
above) !
In other words, the aether that filled space was not a material substance —granted—
but it could be a non-material substance. Perhaps it is an ethereal substance
with unusual properties —including gravitational properties.
Einstein's retraction was, in hindsight, a wise move indeed. He basically
re-opened the aether door —the door
to a non-material medium.
Let me sum up Einstein's Equilibrium universe. It was a
static universe —notably non-expanding— which did not require gravity to be a
force.
In the years 1927 and 1929 the first Big Bang universe
appeared. Many versions followed throughout the rest of the 20th century.
This period in the history of cosmology can best be described as the Golden Age
of Expanding Universes. And, yes, even the Steady State models of Herman Bondi,
Thomas Gold, and Fred Hoyle were (are) members of this class. The vast majority
of these models did not require gravity to be a force. Why not? ... It
was because they were based on Einstein's curved-space gravity theory. There's
no need to repeat the problems with this concept; we simply accept that the Big
Bang models are mathematical universes (albeit highly unnatural and highly
speculative representations). Instead, there is a simple question to consider.
Given that gravity is a
spacetime distortion effect, and not a force, why are Big Bang proponents
searching for force carriers? Why this decades-long search for gravitons
!? And make no mistake, we’re talking about a perennially fruitless pursuit!
It would be nice, but I really don't expect a common sense
answer. Maybe there's a deep mathematical answer; maybe not. Meanwhile, the Big
Bang continues to be highly unnatural, highly speculative, and, in light
of the "force" ambivalence, highly confusing.
A new century, a new theory of gravity. The pivotal
year of 2002 witnessed the introduction of a combined luminiferous and
gravitational aether. In that year an Australian professor, Reginald T. Cahill,
developed a quantum foam theory of space. Space is a quantum system undergoing
classicalization and, at a deep substratum level, has the characteristics of a
quantum foam. From this quantum-foam aether, Cahill constructed an aether theory
of gravity. In his words:
|
"This quantum foam is in
differential motion [bulk in-flow towards mass which acts as a sink],
and the inhomogeneities and time dependencies of this motion cause
accelerations which we know as gravity." –R.T. Cahill
[6] |
|
Gravity has now become an inhomogeneous aether flow towards
mass/matter. Knowingly or unknowingly Cahill had explored behind the
nonmaterial-aether door which Einstein had left open (back in 1920) but had
never exploited.

Reginald Cahill
(1945- )
Courtesy: R.T. Cahill |
The theory is truly powerful. Cahill has discovered a second gravitational
constant, which is actually the dimensionless fine structure constant
α, with which it is possible to resolve
numerous so-called ‘gravitational anomalies’ —the experimental observations of gravitational effects incompatible
with Newtonian gravity and general relativity. The best known of these is
the “dark matter” effect, namely that spiral galaxies appear to require at least
ten times the observed matter content in order to explain the high rotation
speeds of stars and gas clouds in the outer regions of the spiral disk. The
quantum foam theory of gravity makes it clear that the dark-matter effect is not
caused by any form of matter, but rather by a non-Newtonian aspect of gravity. [7]
Such is the explanatory capacity of process physics. But the relevant
point for us is this: Once more, gravity is not considered to be a force.
Turning now to the Cellular World-System called
the Dynamic Steady State Universe (DSSU). Gravity in the DSSU is not a force. It
is a side effect of a heretofore unrecognized natural process. Gravity is a side
effect of the way in which all matter —mass and radiation— is conducted by, and through,
the aether. Of course, keep in mind that the aether of our universe is, as
Einstein proposed in 1920, a non-material aether —an almost-but-not-quite-material medium. (In DSSU theory it is the
essence substance —described as the subquantum level of reality.)
Yes, gravity is a simple side effect. As gravity expert
John Wheeler had predicted, decades ago, it is utterly and astonishingly
simple —the simplicity that characterizes
inevitability.
|
"To my mind there must be, at the
bottom of it all, not an equation, but an utterly simple idea. And to
me that idea, when we finally discover it, will be so compelling, so
inevitable, that we will say to one another, ‘Oh, how beautiful. How
could it have been otherwise?’ ” –American physicist John
A. Wheeler (1985)
[8] |
|
Definition: The core (generic)
definition of gravity for the DSSU is much the same as for Cahill's Quantum-Foam
theory of gravity. The phenomenon of gravity is the inhomogeneous flow of the space
medium
towards matter, which acts as a sink. Note carefully, it is not the aether
motion itself but the inhomogeneity (effectively the acceleration) of the flow
that manifests the gravity effect.
The direction of gravity is along the line of the maximum rate of change of the
aether flow. The main cause (but not the root cause) of inhomogeneity is space-medium
contraction (and, depending on the type of cosmic region, space-medium
expansion). |
The key idea that underlies the effect of gravity is the unusual mode of
conduction of mass and radiation by the aether. The gravity that we are familiar
with is the byproduct associated with the amazing mode of conduction of all
radiant particles and all mass particles. To say that it is unusual is an
understatement. The process of conduction is unique. Prior to the DSSU
discovery, the concept simply did not exist ! Nothing like it has been
found in the literature.
Kepler, Galileo, and Newton redefined the nature of motion. Now the
Conduction Theory of Matter redefines the nature of gravity —revealing its
root cause.
The following DSSU research papers present the profound details:
■
The
Processes of Gravitation –The Cause and Mechanism of Gravitation,
by C. Ranzan
(Originally published in the
Journal of Modern Physics and Applications (JMPA) Vol.2014:3)
●Abstract
●Reviews ●Links
For the updated version see:
■ The Nature of
Gravity –How one factor unifies gravity’s convergent, divergent, vortex, and
wave effects,
International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science (IJASS), Vol.6,
No.5, 2018, pp.73-92. (Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ijass.20180605.11 )
LINK to local
Reprint ( www.cellularuniverse.org/G7Gravity(ijass)-Ranzan(2018).pdf )
Both of these articles reveal the mysterious Primary Cause of gravity.
DSSU theory clearly reveals why gravity needs no force carriers and therefore is not
a force!
[9]
* * * *
|
3. Summary: Who Needs a Force of
Gravity?
SUMMARY TABLE:
Who Needs a Force of Gravity?
|
NOT ANAXIMANDROS
NOT ARISTOTLE
(Geocentric System) |
Was based on the principle that the natural state of motion in the
heavenly realm is circular. |
NOT ARISTARCHUS of
SAMOS
(The original Heliocentric System) |
No force was required.
Earth and the planets simply followed preordained perfectly
circular orbits.
However, having the Sun at the center was considered too radical !
Lay dormant for almost 18 centuries. |
NOT COPERNICUS
(Rediscovered the System of Aristarchus of Samos, after Copernicus
visited Italy) |
Was based on the
Aristotelian principle of natural motion.
PROBLEMS: (i) Kepler showed that the actual state of motion
was ELLIPTICAL, not circular.
(ii) Galileo found that natural motion, that is, when there
is NO FORCE, is LINEAR, not circular. |
NEWTON WAS THE
EXCEPTION
(Newton’s system has a force of gravity) |
PROBLEM:
No force carrier has ever been discovered ! |
NOT EINSTEIN
(Einstein’s system uses a mathematical construction —the curvature
distortion of spacetime induced by the presence of matter.) |
PROBLEM:
No causal mechanism has ever been found to explain how matter
“curves” space and how “curvature” sustains a body’s orbital
motion. The problem is deepened by Einstein’s initial rejection of the
existence of any sort of space medium. |
NOT the BIG BANG
PROPONENTS
(The Big Bang is based on Einstein’s mathematical system, aka general relativity; therefore, it does not use a force.) |
PROBLEM:
Big confusion.
Gravity is not a force; YET for some strange reason researchers
are looking for force-carriers called gravitons ! |
NOT R.T. CAHILL and
PROCESS-PHYSICS PROPONENTS
(Gravity is not a force; rather it is an inhomogeneous aether flow
towards mass/matter.) |
PROBLEM FREE.
There are two gravitational constants, the Newtonian G, and the
fine structure constant α. Resolves many problems (the so-called
‘gravitational anomalies’) in Newton’s and Einstein’s gravity
—including the well known “dark matter” effect. |
NOT DSSU PROPONENTS
(The DSSU does not treat gravity as a fundamental force.) |
PROBLEM FREE.
Gravity is the
unambiguous side effect of the mode of conduction of ALL matter
at its MOST fundamental level. |
* * * * |
|
|
This is a fully open-access article and may be used in whole, or in part,
and distributed and reproduced in any medium; provided the original webpage
address (www.CellularUniverse.org/G5_GravityNotAForce.htm), the
website URL (www.CellularUniverse.org),
and the originating author (Conrad Ranzan) are properly cited.
2011; rev 2019-8
References and Notes
- ^ Simon Singh, BIG BANG, The Origin of the Universe
(Fourth Estate, Harper Collins Publishers, New York, 2004) p22
- ^ Mary B. Hesse. 1961. Forces and Fields (a
study of action at a distance in the history of physics) (Littlefield, Adams &
Co., Totown, New Jersey, 1965) p129
- ^ Ibid. p129
- ^ Einstein's Leyden Lecture: Ether and the Theory of
Relativity, An Address delivered on May 5th, 1920, at the University of
Leyden. As in Sidelights on Relativity by Albert Einstein, 1922.
Translated by G.B. Jeffery and W. Perrett (Methuen & Co. Ltd., 36 Essex
Street, London)
- ^ Ibid.
- ^ R.T. Cahill, (2005) The
Einstein Postulates: 1905-2005 A Critical Review of the Evidence, p11
Posted
at:
http://www.mountainman.com.au/process_physics/index_of_papers.htm#PP24
- ^ Ibid. p10
- ^
American physicist John Archibald Wheeler from a 1985 interview with Timothy
Ferris (as in Timothy Ferris Coming of Age in the Milky Way p346)
- ^ C. Ranzan, The Story of Gravity and Lambda
–How the Theory of Heraclitus Solved the Dark Matter Mystery, Physics
Essays Vol.23, No.1 P75-87 (2010 Mar)
www.CellularUniverse.org/G2GravityLambda.pdf
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