
|
ANNOUNCEMENTS &
NEW ITEMS:
(2021 January 9):"Law of physics 20th-century scientists overlooked (Part 4):
Mass Extinction by Aether Deprivation" has been published. Details
to follow.
(2021 January 8): “Nothing in the mainstream media is trustworthy.”
“No one has ever been so thoroughly evil as the politicians and
scientists promoting the corona-virus fakes around the world. Never before
have people been lied to so thoroughly and consistently with such evil
purposes as we have been lied to by our present totalitarian genocidal
government. Make no mistake, this is genocide. The covid-19 fraud, the
lockdown, and the abandonment of the elderly and the sick are resulting in
the deaths of millions. In the UK the National Health Service has become the
National Death Service.”
“We are ruled by a bunch of traitors who have sold our birthright
…”
“How did they [the British people] fall for so many lies? Where is
their courage?”
“Unless we fight hard with determination, the year ahead, 2021,
will be the last we live as free men and women. That’s not rhetoric, it’s
fact!”
–Dr Vernon Coleman, 2021 Jan 2, audio clip, This is Genocide.
Transcribed from Just Right Media:
The great reckoning 2021
(2020 December 12): "Law of physics 20th-century scientists overlooked (Part 4):
Mass Extinction by Aether Deprivation" has been accepted for journal publication.
Part 5 is currently under review.
Part 6 is currently being prepared.
(2020 November): The Globalists’ agenda of tyranny continues: ●
Fascism
● Fraud on a
scale “beyond the average person’s ability to even conceptualize”
(2020-11-12): Congratulations to America for the landslide
re-election of President Donald Trump!
(2020-11-12): I highly recommend listening to broadcaster Robert Metz’s
assessment:
www.justrightmedia.org/blog/archives/11597
(2020 September 18): Law of physics 20th-century scientists overlooked …
Part 4 is currently under review … Part 5 is being prepared.
(2020 September 4): “Governments are in fear of the people they lied to!”
as the scope of the pandemic fraud is uncovered. … “One tragic statistic
[is] the ‘cases’ of people who are suffering and dying directly as a
consequence of the lockdowns and fascist rules of disassociation. That will
soon change as the public slowly awakens to the true nature and scale of a
crime wrought solely by their own politicians.” –Just Right Media
(2020-9-3)
(2020 August 21): “[T]he whole COVID-19 pandemic has been an orchestrated
fraud from the very beginning. Worse, it is a political/criminal conspiracy,
comprised of politicians, government health officials, the mainstream media,
and various corporate interests. … It’s remarkable how many people remain
unaware that, thanks to the COVID-19 conspiracy, parts of Australia have
been turned into a literal police state, no different from communist
China.” –Just Right Media
(2020-8-20)
(2020 August 14): New article:
Law of Physics 20th-Century Scientists Overlooked (Part 2): Energy
Generation via Velocity Differential Blueshift.
Published in Physics
Essays Vol.33. No.3, pp289-298 (2020).
Reprint.
New article:
Law of Physics 20th-Century Scientists Overlooked (Part 3): Noninteraction
Mass-to-Energy Conversion.
Published in International Journal of High Energy Physics.
Vol.7, No.1, pp.19-31 (2020).
(2020 July 31): The enslavement continues. “Actions taken by world
governments in managing the fake COVID-19 crisis have employed documented
techniques used in the psychological torture of prisoners. And the objective
is the same: submission.” –Just Right Media Program:
COVID-19's new world disorder
(2020 July 23): The facts are in. The entire “COVID-19 pandemic” fiasco
was a fascist fraud! … It’s all about freedom-hating politicians and
power-drunk bureaucrats demanding our submission. Given the enormity of the
damage caused by their direct actions, these oppressors should be charged
with high crimes and treason. –Just Right Media
program #664
(2020 July 10): TWO new articles have been accepted for journal
publication.
Author's Curriculum Vitae
has now been posted.
(2020 May 29): Now published: "Natural Cause of Galaxy
Rotation" now appears in the American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics.
Revolutionary. Press Release.
(2020 May 22): Now published:
Law of Physics 20th-Century Scientists Overlooked (Part 1) … –The
historic failure of scientists to recognize this law led to a momentous
misinterpretation of Edwin Hubble’s redshift observations. Their oversight
of a remarkable simple principle connecting light and gravity had
revolutionary consequences —it gave birth to the preposterous expanding
universe concept. Find out exactly why the big bang hypothesis has no
scientific foundation.
Abstract. Pdf download.
Reprinted by permission of PEP, from Physics Essays, Vol.33,
No.2, pp163-174 (2020 June).
(2020 May 7): Updates on the tyranny and enslavement:
“Pandemic parallels: The COVID-19 climate changer” –Just Right program
#653
David Duke interviews Dr. Anthony G. Beck who has been “practicing
integrated medicine for 26 years … and has been researching the coronavirus.”
–Radio program
2020 May 5
“This is no longer a viral pandemic. It is a political, economic, and social
disaster, made possible by decades of drifting morally, intellectually, and
politically Leftward. Fueled by the evil and inverted morality of altruism,
the Left condemns the ‘selfishness’ of those who wish to independently
survive and praises the ‘sacrifice’ of those forced to give up their
livelihoods and freedoms.” –The COVID-19 credibility gap (Just
Right program #652)
(2020 April 30): Never imagined it would be so easy to enslave the masses of
the world. The global puppet masters must surely be laughing and, no doubt,
are wondering why so relatively few of the victims are fighting back or even
resisting! Sadly, there are simply too many gullible people. Professor James McCanney sums up the situation, “People have been watching football and
beauty pageants while their country has been stolen from them in the
background. … Welcome to the New World Order!” –Science
Hour, 2020 April 23, radio program (@44:25 min mark). Although Professor
McCanney is wrong about many things, he most certainly understands the
nature of the enemy.
Meanwhile: The revolutionary research into the "Natural Cause of Galaxy
Rotation" has been accepted for
publication in the American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics.
(2020 April 10): Year after year our freedoms were incrementally taken away.
Now, as of March/April 2020, we live in a police state. Robert Metz of
Just Right Media reports on the dire situation: Program #648
and Program #649
(2020 April 3):Whatever the “problem”, governments seemingly always make it
worse.
Just Right Media Program #648
(2020-4-2): “First, we were faced with a coronavirus health pandemic.
Then, world governments created a second crisis by shutting down their
economies and precipitating an unemployment pandemic and a financial
pandemic. Now, it appears that we have a serious COVID-19 ‘statistics
crisis,’ which may in the end be the one most responsible for precipitating
all the fear and panic … There is also evidence surfacing that the
statistics are being manipulated to present a false picture of the
situation.”
(2020 March 27): Freedom fades, tyranny advances:
“History has repeatedly demonstrated that government-declared emergencies
are too often simply a justification for violating individual freedom.
History also demonstrates that the violation of life, liberty and property
kills —and has killed— more people than any flu virus ever has. What needs
to be spread is a ‘virus’ of liberty, not a pandemic of government control.”
–Just
Right Media, 2020 March 26 program
(2020 March 20): According to Professor James McCanney, corona-virus tests
are giving results that are 80% false positive. He also reports that “China
is back to normal.” Link to his radio program of
2020 March 19 (and
March 26).
(2020 March 6): Local Webpage was reformatted and its technical problems
were fixed. See
The Story of a Baffling
Omission in Modern Cosmology.
(2020 Feb 14): February 14-16 marks the 75th anniversary of the senseless and
diabolical destruction of Dresden (in 1945). An event that should
always be remembered.
“Killed a hundred
thousand civilians in two hours”
(2020 January 31) Latest DSSU research paper is currently under review: This
one deals with the natural cause of galaxy rotation. Motivated by the
recent awarding of the Nobel Prize to James Peebles for, in part, “how
galaxies have formed and evolved.”
(2019 December 20): After considerable delay, the
History of the Aether Theory —with its
extensive chronicle (Table) of the development of aether theory— has now
been UPDATED (with new table entries for 1900, 2015, 2017, and 2018).
(2019 December): New webpage-article For Educators has been posted:
The Nobel
Foundation Endorses the Unsubstantiated Dark Matter Hypothesis
(2019 November): Some brief comments on
Fantasyland Physics
(2019 October 24): Canadians have voted to allow the invasion of the country
to continue —and worse— to allow it to expand!! Inevitably, ever more precious farmland
will be urbanized. … With the 2019 October National election, Canadians have
turned their backs on freedom of speech, freedom in general, and acquiesced
to the Country’s continuing descent along the path of socialism and fascism.
Very, very sad.
Link to the JustRightMedia Oct-31st commentary
and the Nov-7th analysis.
(2019 October 10): Several new webpages have been added and serve as “Resources
for Educators, Instructors, & New-Cosmology Enthusiasts.”
DIRECTORY
(2019 September 20): Canadian broadcaster
Robert Metz focuses on cosmology and gives a
masterful presentation —a superb show in which he exposes the
absurdity of the Big Bang hypothesis, delves into some key aspects of the
DSSU, and praises the veracity of the modern steady-state perspective.
Listen to the Just
Right program #623 originally broadcast around the world over the
internet and on shortwave radio on 2019 September 19.
(2019 August): German philosopher praises Cellular Universe website and
endorses DSSU theory. [Link to
his comments]
This month of August marks the 19th anniversary of DSSU
theory.
(2019 August): Corruption of justice in Canada continues. White Man
sentenced to one year in jail for the “offence” of exercising his
constitutional right of free speech! While for the same “offence” (and in
the very same trial) Native Man sentenced to optional reconciliation session
and NO jail time! Editors, publishers, writers, and researchers take note.
LINK to
several postings on the persecution of Dr James Sears and LeRoy St.
Germaine.
(2019 August 10): Corruption of justice in Germany continues.
Alfred Schaefer
Receives 18 Months Additional Prison Time for Defending Himself! Punished for simply presenting evidence
for his own defense in court! Alfred’s sister has posted this
8-minute video.
(2019 July 1): New webpage
posted:
●Highlights ●Reviews
●Comments relating to the recently published
article "Mass-to-Energy Conversion, the Astrophysical
Mechanism".
(2019 June 1 & June 7): New
research paper dealing with the physical nature of length contraction
has been published. Physical Nature of Length
Contraction (Part 2) How the Electron Elongates While Its Orbit Contracts,
... See the Press Release (2019
June) for details.
(2019 May 1): New DSSU article reveals how a simple extension of
Einstein’s relativity radically changes black-hole physics.
Published in the Journal
of High Energy Physics, ... See the Press Release (2019 May) for details.
(2019 April 12): Response to a reader’s Question on the root (the origin) of
“information” in the universe.
Response to a reader’s Question on the extraction of
energy from aether.
(2019 March 30): Currently two articles are undergoing peer-review and
another one is being prepared.
Meanwhile the suicide of Western Nations continues. Check
this out: Popular philosopher Stefan Molyneux discovered that in
British Colombia it would have cost him and the event organizers $40,000 to
stop violent attacks and to peacefully exercise their constitutional right of freedom-of-speech!
(Link
to the Molyneux video of 2019-3-20)
It gets worse. Socialism as a death sentence!
Just Right program #603, (2019-4-11)
(2019 March 20): Article revealing how energy is extracted from
nonmaterial aether has just been published in the current issue of INFINITE
ENERGY Magazine. See the Press Release
(2019 March) for details.
(2019 March 14): Oppression of freedom: Powerful discussion on the
evil of the political center: “Left, Right, and
the Extreme Center” (Just Right #599 Audio program, Mar.14, 2019)
(2019 February 13, 14, & 15): Three days of remembrance and mourning: the
horror and tragedy of the Dresden Holocaust (1945, Feb 13-15), the
most devastating single terrorist event in the history of mankind. [
HELLSTORM ]
(2019 January): Regarding the latest DSSU research article: The theoretical
and evidential proof of total mass-to-energy conversion was rejected by the
Canadian Journal of Physics. Unable to find errors in the physics or
flaws in the logic, the editor Dr. Michael Steinitz and his anonymous
Associate Editor dismissed the Paper as being too technical in nature and
not being a “topic of high interest for the widest audience of physicists.”
… Who would have guessed? The editors of Canadian Journal of Physics
find basic first-year university physics too technical!! … Regarding the
other excuse, I politely asked the editors: “Do you seriously believe that
your target audience, mostly physicists and others with an earnest interest
in the physical sciences, would not value this new insight!? Should they not
be made aware of this new knowledge?” No response! … So ends another
FAKE REVIEW. –CR
(2018 December 28): See Press
Release: Unprecedented Unification of
Gravity Theory.
(2018 December 1): Unification-of-gravity paper has been accepted for publication.
(2018 November 22): Here we go again! Latest paper rejected.
Reason? “The paper contains too many acronyms …” How many? Hey! It
contains only one well-known acronym (DSSU)!
Although clearly written and logically presented with an easy to
follow style (text, examples, mathematics, graphics), the Reviewer/Editor
found the article “impenetratable [sic] and therefore impossible to referee
in any detail.” … No examples, no particulars, it was just hopelessly
“impossible to referee.”
The seeking and exposing of errors is the essence of a legitimate
review process. Evidently the Reviewer/Editor failed to find anything that
could be considered demonstrably false, and so, found it necessary to
concoct BS objections (well-known acronym for bovine excrement). What
happened here was simply a fake review. –CR
(2018 September 27): New research paper on GRAVITY is currently under
review. … Details the unification of all five aspects of gravity …
Presents a remarkable new development in the theoretical nature of gravity
waves. …
(2018 September):
Fan of DSSU comments on the “train wreck”
of modern physics and on big bang mythology.
(2018 September 1): PUBLISHED:
Natural Mechanism for the Generation and Emission of Extreme
Energy Particles, Physics Essays
Vol.31, No.3, pp.358-376 (2018).
(2018 August): Press Release (2018 August):
"The
mechanism driving astrophysical jets has been discovered"
(2018 July 31): What’s the delay? Yes, the usual publication frustrations:
■ Journal 1: peer reviewed, no errors in the logic, no flaws in the
science, tentative ACCEPTANCE, then REJECTED !
■ Journal 2: peer reviewed, no errors in the logic, no flaws in the
science, REJECTED !
Could it be that the editors promoting fake astro-science feel
threatening by the DSSU revolution? …
■ Journal 3: peer reviewed, “This is a scholarly and erudite
article that deserves to be published in recognition of its tutorial nature
and … the validity of the author’s proposals.” ACCEPTED for publication.
The article —Natural Mechanism for the Generation and Emission of Extreme
Energy Particles— is toxic and revolutionary! Details to follow. –CR
(2018 May 24): Two papers are
currently under review. Meanwhile, work has begun on a new research
paper ---delving deeper into the amazing properties of aether.
(2018 April 28):
Question: What drives astrophysical jets?
What process or mechanism generates the stupendous power of those
spectacular emission jets associated with certain stars? (I’m talking about
gamma photons and neutrinos with energy equivalent to a million hydrogen
atoms!! Imagine that much energy contained in a single gamma photon or
neutrino!)
This has been one of the biggest mysteries of the universe
—one that has baffled the academic cognoscenti for decades.
The answer will be revealed in the next research article,
which is currently under review. And as the followers of DSSU theory
have come to expect, the answer is perfectly natural; the concepts are
straightforward, the arguments logical, the conclusions compelling, the
implications profound.
(2018 February 1): Research paper Sachs-Wolfe Effect Disproof
has been published in in the International Journal of Astrophysics and
Space Science.
Abstract & links.
Reprint
(download PDF).
(2017 December 30): Press release: The
Sacks-Wolfe Effect has now been disproved. … Expansion Cosmology has
lost its last supporting pillar. …
(2017 December 29): Another powerful research paper … another devastating
blow for the Big Bang … the
"Sacks-Wolfe Effect Disproof " has been
accepted for publication in an international journal for astrophysics.
(Details to follow within a few days.)
(2017 December): Comment posted:
Galaxy age
misinterpretation. Does cosmic distant have any relationship to a galaxy’s
age?
(2017 December): 2nd printing of "The Nature of Gravitational Collapse":
(Details)
(2017 November): Special purchase offer on the book "Guide to the
Construction of the Natural Universe": (Mail-in Order Form.)
(2017 Sept): Recently brought to my attention: DSSU material appears on The
New Illuminati website accompanied by some amazing graphics.
New Illuminati
–The DSSU is The New Cosmology
New Illuminati –Hidden Substrate of Reality
–History of the Aether Theory
(2017 Sept): "Assorted Comments" added to
QuestionsAnswersComments.
(2017 July): The book The Nature of Gravitational Collapse is
now available.
The Nature of Gravitational Collapse
Subtitle: How the photon, the particle of light, is responsible for mass,
gravity, superneutron stars, and supermassive black holes
—Reveals the truth about stellar and supermassive black holes.
This work contains 311+ pages, 67 illustrations, references, and
index. …
Second printing details (2017 November)
First printing details (Lambert Academic
Publishing)
(2016 December): “So easy to
understand” comment from an Australian engineer.
(2016 November): “Large-Scale Structure of the Dynamic Steady
State Universe” now
published in the
American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol.4, No.6,
2016, pp.65-77.
Astract and Links to HTML and PDF.
(2016 June):
Revolutionary research paper:
The Nature of Gravitational
Collapse –published in the
American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol.4, No.2,
2016, pp.15-33.
Abstract and Links:
—Another
major DSSU success, as it reveals amazing new insights! The theory has
uncovered the mechanism by which mass undergoes a total conversion to
energy. Yes, a mass to energy conversion with 100% efficiency! As everything else in the DSSU, it is a
perfectly natural process. Truly amazing!
(2016 April 26): A mathematical cosmologist claims the values of the
Hubble-expansion parameter and the cosmic-background temperature are the
most important elements for understanding the real Universe!
Letter and response.
(2016 March): What is the difference between a physical and a
mechanical aether? ...
Be aware of the distinctions among the terms commonly applied to aether:
Terms such as physical, mechanical, subquantum, and dynamic.
Link to new Question & Answer.
The book, Guide to the Construction of the Natural Universe, is now available at the
Niagara Falls Public Library (Victoria branch). If you
live in the Province of Ontario, your local library can request the book
from the Niagara Falls
Public Library.
Participate in a unique exploration of the Cosmos: venture into the
sub-atomic realm, even into the sub-quantum realm where the roots of reality
reside, and into the domain of cosmic-scale cell-structure and beyond to
infinity. Along the way, discover the cause of mass, the cause of
gravitation, and rediscover Einstein’s “nonponderable” aether and Heraclitus’
harmony-of-opposites principle. … The book represents the ultimate
vindication for all the skeptics who resisted the "preposterous" Big Bang
mythology and who refused to join the exploding-cosmos religion.
The book contains 317 pages, 61 illustrations, references, and
index …
Available from
C-FAR Books.
Or use this
mail-in Order Form.
My comments on the 2016 "Official Science"
news story:
Do not be misled by the recent reports of the detection of gravity waves.
What the LIGO apparatus measures is the interference from beams of
self-generated electromagnetic waves. It seems highly probable that what
LIGO actually detected was some vibrational “noise” or some unexplained
interference; and NOT gravity waves originating from a distant binary system
(in which two extremely massive black holes are supposedly in the process of
merging). How the data, the wave patterns, are interpreted is subject to
theory and restricted by theory. Naturally the official
interpretation must conform to the Officially-sanctioned theory of gravity
—Einstein’s general theory of relativity. Thus, the light patterns recorded
by LIGO are interpreted via Einstein’s mathematical concept of gravity. The
problem is the general-relativity-gravity interpretation, as is well known,
ignores the space medium!
Have gravity waves really been detected?
Think about this: The academic experts do not have the cause and mechanism
of gravity (Isaac Newton did not, Albert Einstein did not, and today’s
big-bang astrophysicists do not). Their theory of gravity is embarrassingly
incomplete! So, if they do not yet understand the nature of gravity itself,
how then can they claim to be able to recognize the waves that gravity
supposedly emits? The experts cannot even answer the simple question:
Specifically, what is it that is waving? What is waving back and forth?
Here is something else the reports fail to mention: The
gravity waves that are actually detectable are those associated with the
turbulence in the aether flow (the space medium streaming through our Solar
System).
Australian physicist Reginald T. Cahill has been examining these aether-flow
waves for over 15 years. –CR (2016 May)
Updated 2016 June: See Comment #19
Updated 2018 Dec: See
Press Release 2018-12
(2016 Jan 6): Published:
Olbers’
Paradox Resolved for the Infinite Non-Expanding Universe, American Journal of Astronomy & Astrophysics
Vol.4, No.1, (2016 January).
Abstract & links.
Reprint PDF.
Excerpts:
● “The man accredited with discovering universe expansion did not believe
that the universe was expanding. Hubble was convinced that the key evidence,
the cosmic redshift, was caused by some other factor, something more
fundamental than mere expansion.”
● “With the recent discovery of a new cosmic-redshift mechanism, and its
theoretical validation, it turns out that Hubble was right.”
● Explains how “an infinite, non-expanding, perpetually regenerating
universe" is able to predict a dark night sky.
Press Release (2015 Oct 15):
The Big Bang is no longer a viable hypothesis !
(2016 June):
FREE DOWNLOAD:
"DSSU Validated by Redshift Theory and Structural Evidence",
Physics Essays, Vol.28, No.4, pp.455-473 (2015 Dec)
—Delivers the coup de grâce to the Big Bang.
Abstract & Links.
Both Reviewers enthusiastically endorsed this "well-written and incisive
article."
(2015-Oct 6): Webpage added for article Cosmic-Redshift Distance Law Without c
Without H: –Comments &
Links– Describes the challenge of getting DSSU papers
published.
(2015 Aug 20): Allow me to extend a sincere "Thank You" for the many
invitations to join social media and professional networks.
Unfortunately I must decline. It’s simply a matter of precious time —there
is just too little of it. All my available time is taken up by research,
writing, and website maintenance —in fact, two more web domains have been
purchased. It is all being done for the purpose of providing the educated
and interested public with the ammunition to refute and replace the utterly
bankrupt big-bang Worldview. (However, not to give the impression of a total
recluse, seclusionist, or misanthrope, I do manage to squeeze in a few
delightful hours of ballroom dancing every week or two.) –CR
(2015 Aug): Brief update on the status of the neutrino and its
adaptation into the DSSU particle theory. See
Section 5 of
the Discussion webpage
for the article: The Fundamental Process of Energy
(2015 Aug): The article
The Universe Is Infinite
(Part 1) has been revised.
(2015 July):
Comments and questions from
a 14-year old student.
(2013):
Higgs Boson Discovered?
After 50 long years of searching, Physicists claim to have detected the
Higgs boson, the "particle" that ostensibly bestows the property of mass on
all other such particles. Is it now time to celebrate? … Definitely not.
The question now is this: If the Higgs ‘particle’ is the giver
of mass to all other particles, what then gives the Higgs itself its mass?!
(Yes, the newly discovered particle has mass, lots of it!) A difficult and
embarrassing question indeed. It is like asking: If
God created everything, then who, or what, created God?
While physicists think they have solved the mass problem, the
reality is that they have unwittingly exposed an even bigger problem —the
riddle of “First Cause”.
RECENT RESEARCH PAPERS:
Mass-to-Energy Conversion,
the Astrophysical Mechanism –Published in Journal of High Energy
Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology, Vol.5, No.2 (2019).
HTML version.
Nature’s Supreme Mechanism
for Energy Extraction from Nonmaterial Aether –Published in
Infinite Energy
Magazine Vol.24,
Issue#144 (2019 March/April)
The Nature of Gravity –How One Factor Unifies Gravity’s Convergent,
Divergent, Vortex, and Wave Effects –Published in the International
Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science, Vol.6,
No.5, 2018.
-------------------------
Natural Mechanism for the Generation and Emission of Extreme
Energy Particles –Published in Physics Essays
Vol.31, No.3, p358 (2018). (Reprint)
-------------------------
Sachs-Wolfe Effect Disproof –Published in the International
Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science, Vol.6, No.1, 2018. (
Abstract & Links.)
"The Nature of Gravitational Collapse"
–Published in American Journal of Astronomy & Astrophysics. (
Abstract and Links.)
(Note, there is a typo in AJA&A posted version in the Fig-10
caption. It should read: … acceleration is proportional to 1/r2.)
|
Glossary of Terms
used in Cosmology and Astrophysics with particular emphasis on DSSU theory.
(Opens in separate Window or Tab)
|
GENERAL INTEREST ARTICLES:
Mysteries & Paradoxes that Plague Standard Cosmology
(Updated 2015-7)
Cosmology Crisis of 1998 (Revised 2015-5)
Critique of Conventional Cosmology ...
comments relating to the 'preposterous' expanding-universe paradigm.
Bafflement
—the remarkable admission of a physicist.
The Cosmology Debate That Never Happened
—During the 20th century there was a decades-long debate: The cataclysmic
expanding universe VS the stable expanding universe. But there has never
been a debate of the dynamic expanding universe VS the dynamic
non-expanding universe. (Posted
2011 Oct)
Models of the Universe
—Historical, Expanding, and Cellular universes. INCLUDES A USEFUL TABLE FOR
COMPARING THEORIES.
The Universe Is Infinite
(Part 1)
—overcoming a "central" problem of cosmology theories.
The Universe Is Infinite
(Part 2)
—an explanation of how the universe can always have existed and will always
exist.
DSSU, The
Non-Expanding Universe: Structure, Redshift, Distance
—A long sought-after goal of astrophysicists has been a formulation of cosmic distance that is
independent of the speed of light. The goal has now been achieved. The
present Paper details the surprisingly simple distance expression and its
validating agreement with Supernova data.
Why Copernicus Did Not Need a Force of Gravity
—Explores the question of why no one, except Newton, invoked a force.
(Re-Posted February, 2014)
Gravity and Lambda —A Story of Opposites
(.htm) —A story of opposites in harmony. Key differences between the Conventional
Cosmology and the New Cosmology are presented.
Dynamic Cosmic Cell
—The Structural Component of the DSSU —Animated image and discussion
of the self-sustaining, self-balancing system.
Why
Einstein Did Not Receive the Nobel Prize for His Theory of Relativity
—“By 1922 Einstein had been nominated about fifty times —most were for his
relativity theories.”
Questions & Answers & Comments
|
COSMOLOGY ARTICLES, etc:
(2016 June) FREE DOWNLOAD details:
DSSU Validated by Redshift Theory and Structural Evidence,
Physics Essays, Vol.28, No.4, p455-473 (2015 Dec)
—Delivers the coup de grâce to the Big Bang.
Abstract & Links.
Both Reviewers enthusiastically endorsed this "well-written and incisive
article."
The Dynamic Steady State Universe.
This work brings together the main pieces of the cosmic
puzzle in a step-by-step construction of the Natural Universe.
Published in Physics
Essays Vol.27 No.2 (2014 June issue) (PDF download) "... the arguments
are well-made. The article is competent, enjoyable and readable." —Reviewer
for Physics Essays Journal
Revolutionary:
Olbers’
Paradox Resolved for the Infinite Non-Expanding Universe, American Journal of Astronomy & Astrophysics
Vol.4, No.1, (2016 January).
Abstract & links.
Reprint PDF.
Excerpts:
● “The man accredited with discovering universe expansion did not believe
that the universe was expanding. Hubble was convinced that the key evidence,
the cosmic redshift, was caused by some other factor, something more
fundamental than mere expansion.”
● “With the recent discovery of a new cosmic-redshift mechanism, and its
theoretical validation, it turns out that Hubble was right.”
Cosmic Redshift in the Nonexpanding Cellular Universe (
Journal links
) —details the actual causal mechanism. Published in the
American Journal of Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol.2, No.5 (2014)
Abstract.
Local copy with quality images: (Reprint pdf).
HIGHLIGHTS:
• Entirely new concept for cosmic redshift mechanism;
• Retains the foundation premise of all modern cosmology;
• But does not require whole-universe expansion;
• A redshift based on the DSSU theory of unified gravity & cosmic cellular
structure;
• Remarkable agreement with independently established redshift distances.
The Cosmology Debate That Never Happened
What historians call "the greatest cosmological debate in
history” was between TWO expanding universes —two
hypothetical models that share the same, I repeat, the same
foundational property! If one is to claim some great clash of ideas (let
alone the "greatest") then surely there must exist some deep dividing
difference! (Posted 2011-10)
The Case for a Cellular Universe
—the Story of a Baffling Omission in Modern Cosmology (Revised 2015)
Large-Scale Structure of the Dynamic Steady State Universe published in
the American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol.4, No.6,
2016, pp.65-77.
Astract and Links.
Highlights:
■ Presents the first 2 of the 4 main postulates that define the DSSU.
■ Space-medium expansion and contraction are perpetually held in balance,
thus ensuring a non-expanding universe.
■ Explains how the two dynamic processes of the DSSU’s space medium sustain
the cellular structure responsible for the pattern of matter distribution in
our Universe.
Galaxy Morphology:
Ellipticity, Its Origin & Progression in Comoving Galaxies, American Journal of Astronomy & Astrophysics,
AJAA, Vol.3, No.2, 2015.
Journal
Abstract and Links.
Local
high-resolution PDF.
HTML version available from AJAA here.
HIGHLIGHTS:
• Provides the first-ever natural explanation for the cause of the
elliptical shape of nonrotating galaxies
• Retains the foundation premise of all modern cosmology but rejects the
absurd concept of whole-universe expansion
• Takes full advantage of the universe’s cosmic cellular structure and
exploits the DSSU theory of unified gravity domains
• Amazingly, the mechanism that stretches galaxies turns out to be the very
same mechanism that causes the cosmic spectral redshift!
Cosmic-Redshift Distance Law Without c
Without H –Comments &
Links– Simplifying the redshift-distance formula by removing the
speed-of-light constant and the Hubble parameter —while maintaining
agreement with observational evidence.
|
DSSU Theory:
DSSU Validated by Redshift Theory and Structural Evidence,
Physics Essays, Vol.28, No.4, p455-473 (2015 Dec)
—Delivers the coup de grâce to the Big Bang.
Abstract & Links.
Both Reviewers enthusiastically endorsed this "well-written and incisive
article."
A historical tour of
universes culminating with the Natural Universe —This
essay gives a thematic tour of historical and modern universes. ... While the Universe
is endlessly speaking, forever sending signals; philosophers and scientists
listen and interpret.
Currently undergoing revision and updating: Theoretical Foundation and Pillars of the Dynamic Steady State Universe —The first complete presentation of all four
postulates of DSSU theory. A powerful paper that resolves the
cause-of-causes paradox, explains the non-independent nature of time, and
reveals the 'supreme advantage'. It includes a concise comparison with
standard cosmology focusing on real-world viability.
Supplementary Discussion: The
Primary Process
The Fundamental Process of Energy —A Qualitative Unification of
Energy, Mass, and Gravity. (Abstract
& Reviews & Links) … This article reveals
the secret behind photon confinement. (Contains only a bare minimum of mathematics
and mainly in one of the 14 sections.)
PART 1 published in
Infinite Energy Magazine Issue #113 (Jan/Feb 2014)
PART 2 published in
Infinite Energy Magazine Issue
#114 (Mar/Apr 2014)
Headlined as:
A "Conceptual Unification of Energy, Mass and Gravity"

Dynamic Cosmic Cell
—The Structural Component of the DSSU —Animated image and discussion
of the self-sustaining, self-balancing system.
Unified Gravitation Cells
of the DSSU —Constructing the Universe with Cosmic Gravity Cells
Space Flow
Equations and Expansion-Contraction Rates (pdf) —This paper
explores the mathematical aspects of the two space postulates of DSSU
theory —and uncovers some profound consequences.
|
ARTICLES on AETHER:
Documentary
movie footage in which Einstein states, "There exists an aether"
—High
resolution .mpg video.
—Low
resolution .wmv video.
The
Aether Experiments and the Impact on Cosmology
—Aether was detected first in 1887 and then several more times during the
20th century. Its 21st–century "rediscovery" (in 2001) led to the long-sought causal mechanism of
gravity —a discovery which, in turn, is revolutionizing cosmology.
Michelson-Morley and the
Story of the Aether Theory —Richard Milton's analysis of the
historical details involving the misrepresentation, bias, and cover-up that
hampered the Aether theory.
The History of the Aether Theory
—The historic development of the
aether as a scientific theory of space itself. What started as the "fifth
element" of Antiquity becomes molded by theoretical constraints and
experimental evidence into the dual-dynamic sub-quantum medium —the Essence of the Universe.
(Updated
2016-2)
Relativity of
Time in the Aether-Space of the DSSU —How intrinsic time and relative time are related.
DSSU Relativity –The Lorentz Transformations Applied to Aether-Space —Ranzan
Reprinted by permission of Physics Essays Publication,
Physics Essays Vol.23, No.3, p520. (2010).
ABSTRACT
Physical Nature of Length Contraction
—the DSSU Theory of Length Contraction Induced by Absolute Motion.
An easy to follow examination of how the mode by which matter is “conducted”
through luminiferous aether causes the matter to contract. A simple
derivation of the mathematical expression for this physical phenomenon is
presented. There is also a brief discussion of relevant historical aspects
and of nonphysical length contraction.
Reviewer's comments:
“This is amazing …” “The paper is interesting …” –Applied Physics
Research reviewer. Published in
Applied Physics Research journal
Vol.5, No.1
(2013
Feb).
Contradiction Divides Two Aether Theories
—An exploration into the three parts of the speed-of-light postulate.
Reprinted by permission of PEP, from
Physics Essays Journal
(Vol 24, No.3, Sept, 2011)
...
ABSTRACT
Basic-level mathematical and graphical exploration of dynamic aether flow:
PDF
Here is an external webpage with an extensive list of
research papers on the aether-drift experiments, and the larger question of energy in space.
|
DSSU RESEARCH PAPERS:
Sachs-Wolfe Effect Disproof (published in in the International
Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science Vol.6, No.1, 2018.)
Abstract & links.
DSSU Cosmic Redshift-Distance Relation (htm)
—Converting the cosmic redshift into distance for our Cellular Universe using
a simple and elegant equation.
Large Scale Structure of the Dynamic Steady State Universe (pdf)
How a dual-dynamic space medium sustains the cellular structure (published in AJAA in 2016).
—Presents the postulates and implications of regional space-medium expansion and contraction.
Cosmic-Scale Structural Features Explained (pdf)
(Chapter 2 of original DSSU Manuscript)
—The Spacing of Clusters
—Sheets of Galaxies
—Supernodes
—Right-angled Walls of Galaxies.
The Cosmic Background Radiation in the DSSU
—The natural explanation of the microwave background radiation applicable to
the natural Cellular Universe.
Ellipticity, Its Origin & Progression in Comoving Galaxies,
American Journal of Astronomy & Astrophysics, AJAA, Vol.3, No.2, 2015.
Journal
Abstract and Links
Local
high-resolution PDF.
HTML version available from AJAA here.
HIGHLIGHTS:
• Provides the first-ever natural explanation for the cause of the
elliptical shape of nonrotating galaxies
• Retains the foundation premise of all modern cosmology but rejects the
absurd concept of whole-universe expansion
• Takes full advantage of the universe’s cosmic cellular structure and
exploits the DSSU theory of unified gravity domains
• Amazingly, the mechanism that stretches galaxies turns out to be the very
same mechanism that causes the cosmic spectral redshift!
|
GRAVITY:
The Nature of
Gravity –How One Factor Unifies Gravity’s Convergent, Divergent, Vortex, and
Wave Effects
–Published in International Journal of Astrophysics and Space Science
(IJASS),
Vol.6, No.5, 2018, pp.73-92. (Abstract and Links.)
The Nature of Gravitational Collapse
–Published in American Journal of Astronomy & Astrophysics Vol.4,
No.2, 2016, pp.15-33. (Abstract and Links.)
(Note, there is a typo in AJA&A posted version in the Fig-10
caption. It should read: … acceleration is proportional to 1/r2.)
Gravity and Dark Energy (How they
Shape the Universe) –An Introduction. Provides a preamble and overview
for a couple of earlier DSSU articles.
The Processes of Gravitation –The Cause and Mechanism of Gravitation
by C. Ranzan –A revolutionary paper on gravity published in J. Mod. Phys.
Appl. Vol.2014:3 (2014).
(Abstract & Reviews & Links.
Includes link to hi-resolution PDF) "Revolutionary".
Why Copernicus Did Not Need a Force of Gravity
—Explores the question of why no one, except Newton, invoked a force. (Rev 2011-9)
First ever, journal-published paper featuring the DSSU:
The Story of Gravity and Lambda –How the Theory of Heraclitus Solved the Dark Matter Mystery
–Ranzan
Reprinted by permission of
PEP, from
Physics Essays, Vol 23, No1, p75-87 (2010 Mar).
ABSTRACT
This is the cure for the fallacious belief in cosmic-scale Dark Matter.
The Story of Gravity and Lambda –How the Theory of Heraclitus Solved the Dark Matter Mystery
(Color version) –Ranzan
Considered "an excellent contribution to the [PE journal]" --professional reviewer
(2010).
Unified Gravitation Cells of the DSSU
—Constructing the Universe with Cosmic Gravity Cells
|
RELATIVITY ARTICLES:
Why
Einstein Did Not Receive the Nobel Prize for His Theory of Relativity
(●Abstract ●Links ●Excerpts ●Extras)
—“By 1922 Einstein had been nominated about fifty times —most were for his
relativity theories.”
Einstein’s Simple Mathematical Trick –and the Illusion of a Constant Speed
of Light
(Abridged version with links to Journal-published version. Posted 2013)
Extended Relativity –Exploiting the Loopholes in Einstein's Relativity.
A Logical extension of special relativity. Reprinted by permission of
PEP,
from
Physics Essays Vol.25, No.3 (2012).
— Abstract & Links & Reviews —
The Three Components of the Speed-of-Light Postulate.
Published in Physics Essays journal Vol.26,No.1 (2013)
Local copy:
The
Three Components of the Speed-of-Light Postulate (pdf):
Absolute vs relative. Variance vs invariance. Another instance of the Heraclitian
"Harmony of Opposites." (Reprinted by permission of PEP, from
Physics Essays, Vol.26, No.1,
2013).
Relativity of Time in the Aether
Medium of the DSSU
—Absolute Motion and Intrinsic Time
Resolving a Paradox in Special Relativity –Absolute Motion and the Unified Doppler Equation.
(Posted 2011, July). Reprinted by permission of
PEP, from
Physics Essays Vol.23, No.4, p594 (2010).
ABSTRACT
How DSSU Relativity Resolves the Speed Paradox (Introductory Discussion)
—Absolute Motion Resolves a (speed) Paradox in Einstein’s Special Relativity.
(Supplementary Discussion)
DSSU Relativity –The Lorentz Transformations Applied to Aether-Space
(Posted 2011). Reprinted by permission of Physics Essays Publication,
Physics Essays Vol.23, No.3, p520. (2010).
ABSTRACT
The Key that Extends Einstein’s Relativity (Part 1)
—Response to a reviewer critical of DSSU aether-based relativity
The Key that Extends Einstein’s Relativity (Part 2)
—How to convert abstract-space equations into aether-based equations
Restoring the Physical Meaning of Energy
Published in
Applied Physics Research journal
Vol.5, No.2
(2013).
LOCAL COPY:
Restoring the Physical Meaning of Energy —distinguishing
between the apparent energy and the real energy of moving mass.
|
An Open Letter to the Scientific Community
(Published in New Scientist, May 22, 2004)
"The big bang today relies on a growing number of
hypothetical entities, things that we have never observed-- inflation, dark
matter and dark energy are the most prominent examples. Without them, there
would be a fatal contradiction between the observations made by astronomers
and the predictions of the big bang theory. In no other field of physics
would this continual recourse to new hypothetical objects be accepted as a
way of bridging the gap between theory and observation. It would, at the
least, raise serious questions about the validity of the underlying theory.
..."
continues
...
A devastating Declaration of opposition to Big Bang cosmology
signed by more than 400 Researchers.
For the full text click on:
CosmologyStatement.org
or alternate
site.
|
INTELLECTUAL FREEDOM:
This website is mainly concerned with revisionism in cosmology. Those of us
involved in replacing the unnatural expanding-universe paradigm are aware of
the difficulties involved.
However,
other revisionists have unimaginable difficulties. Consider the ongoing
persecution of revisionists in other fields of intellectual pursuit:
"It makes you wonder —about the immense effort being made
by State and State-sponsored organizations with budgets of tens of millions
of dollars and thousands of employees and associates to smother and punish
these few men and women. Every punishing instrument imaginable is used,
every vicious slander conceivable, every flagrant and pervasive form of
censorship that law allows, including the imprisonment of simple writers for
thought crimes against the State. ... Makes you wonder." —Bradley R. Smith (2011)
"Discussing truth is so controversial, so dangerous … In most of the world it is simply illegal.”
–
Gordon Duff, Senior Editor, Veterans Today (2011)
"The further a society drifts from truth the more it will hate those who
speak it." –George Orwell
|
DEDICATION: This website is solemnly dedicated to those
individuals who have conducted research in their chosen field and have
informed others of their inquiries and suffered the consequences when
subpoenaed by the Inquisition or some variant thereof. The dedication
extends to those individuals currently imprisoned, and those facing
trial and persecution simply for exercising their basic human right of
freedom of expression supposedly granted to them under the UN Charter of
Human Rights.
"Every
year, hundreds of writers and other literary professionals around the world
are imprisoned, prosecuted, persecuted, attacked, threatened, forced into
exile or even murdered as a result of their work."
ALSO: Be aware of the continuing threat to our precious freedom of expression on the
Internet. The threat is serious and relentless. It is described as “… the formal effort to mimic Communist China’s
system of Internet censorship.” See
The Secret Behind SOPA
(2012-Jan).
Update.
More information on threats to internet freedom: https://battleforthenet.com/
Reporter-journalist
Arthur Topham, Canadian victim of the Inquisition,
arrested (2012) for posting his research.
“Arthur Topham faces prison time for daring to speak his mind on his own website, as he
faces criminal charges under Canada’s hate crimes legislation contained in
Section 318 - 320 of the criminal code.” –Rights and Freedoms Bulletin Issue
No. 204 Feb 7, 2015.
VERDICT: Arthur Topham found “guilty” AND “not guilty” of hate speech
by a brain-dead jury!
–Dr. James Sears, reporting in “The world’s
Largest Anti-Marxist Publication” (Issue 2015 December,
http://www.yourwardnews.com/backissues.html NOTE: This website has been
taken down by court order pending appeal. --2020)
2016 Update: Panel
Discussion on The Trial of Arthur Topham
Free-speech crusader Bill Whatcott defies British Colombia
Human Rights Tribunal efforts to impose gender language tyranny.
“I have no intention on wasting money on a lawyer for the Morgane Oger vs
Bill Whatcott case, as human rights tribunals are kangaroo courts and the
odds of … getting justice in these biased tribunals is next to zero.” –2017
June (www.freenorthamerica.ca
…)
End of free speech in Britain:
A publisher of history books in Britain has reported that “due to new laws
in the UK all their books will have to be censored moving forward” to avoid
criminal penalties for “inciting racial hatred.” –The Barnes Review (2020 March/April)
p77
A hostile jury, by a hasty unanimous
verdict, decided that Nationalist Leader Jez Turner deserves to be sent to
jail for his critical views! Report (2018-5-15).
British Maverick Psychologist
jailed for publishing his research. … “The ambivalence of librarians
getting writers imprisoned quite defies comprehension.” –Simon Sheppard
(2013)
The repression of free speech in Canada has degenerated to the point where …
■ Freedom advocates, such as Marc Lemire, are censured for merely expressing
their reasoned opinions. Freedomsite, whose motto is “Fighting
for freedom against the censorship enforcers”, documents the official
persecution.
■ A tenured professor has lost his position for revealing his research and
views on history. This is unprecedented. Professor Anthony J. Hall at the
University of Lethbridge, Alberta, has been suspended (2016 October 5)
without pay.
“… Any thinking person should recognize that there is something deeply wrong
when a history professor is persecuted for saying we should be able to
examine our history.” –Monika Schaefer 2017
■ A publisher/editor, for expressing his reality-based views, has been
denied postal services. Dr. James Sears, publisher and editor of
Your Ward News was
stripped of Canada Post Mail Service by government order (2016 June).
■ A violin teacher and truth revealer, Monika Schaefer, for posting a
video (an apology to her dead mother), has been attacked by various
so-called community leaders.
“The treatment of violinist Monika Schaefer signals the end of our free
and democratic society.” –The American Herald Tribune, 2016 Sept
■ American
Speaker Arrested in Canada for the textual material on his iPad
—2017 June 24
While the invasion continues, the “guardians” of the nation are busy
suppressing the freedom of expression: going after deemed violations in what
people think and write and say.
■
Canada Claims Authority to Censor Your Internet Searches –Reason
magazine ■ The "justice"
system is being used to suppress opinions: In a legal battle (2018) for freedom of speech in Canada
... the
prosecution and silencing of Dr. James Sears expected to cost taxpayers $20 million!
“I estimate the Board of Review, police investigating and
Crown prosecuting us on criminal matters, will cost the taxpayers over $20
million, assuming no appeals past 2018 (murderers & rapists will walk free
as huge blocks of court time bump their cases, causing them to be thrown
out).”
–Dr. James Sears, Your Ward News, Fall, 2018, p17
Updates are posted at
www.yourwardnews.ca .
Update for 2019 April 8:
Why the ruling against Your Ward News hurts free speech in Canada
Updates for 2019 Aug: LINK to Several postings.
Update for 2020:
Sentenced to one year in
jail for revealing the truth.
The Continuing Struggle for Freedom
A ray of hope in the ongoing struggle for freedom. Populist and nationalist
movements around the world are gaining ascendancy over the New World Order’s
effort to establish global governance and impose tyrannical control over
every last square meter of the Earth’s surface. –The Barnes Review
Vol.23 No.1 (2017 Jan p70)
"This
Is Very Serious" –S. Molyneux, 2018-7
(7-minute
video on the importance of freedom of speech)
The ongoing fight for freedom and truth. –Just
Right Media (2020, Sept 18, program)
In repressive Germany:
Ursula Haverbeck,
89, Sentenced to 14 Months in Jail for Heresy! –2017 November
This amazing 89-year-old woman continues advocating under the dictum: "Only
the truth will set you free”.
Mrs. Haverbeck, along with her late husband, founded the education facility
Collegium Humanum in 1963, but which was banned by the Marxist thought police in
2008.
Update (2018-5-16): Ursula Haverbeck will celebrate her 90th birthday in a
German prison
cell. The sprightly grandmother is now serving a
two-year prison term without parole merely for stating a sincerely
held opinion that is supported by acclaimed academics worldwide!!
“Frau Haverbeck is now sentenced to two years in prison, merely for her
peaceful historical research” –The Barnes Review Vol.24, No.5
(Sept/Oct 2018) p71
UPDATE (2019-11):
On November 9th (2019), the very day of Ursula Haverbeck’s 91st. birthday,
hundreds of German nationalists, patriots and friends, well-wishers and
admirers rallied in her support. Report on the Rally to Celebrate
Political Prisoner Ursula Haverbeck.
Update (2020-12): This 92-year-old peaceful woman has just
been released from jail, having spent 2&1/2 years behind bars, and less than
2 weeks later was in court in Berlin for more charges ... was
again sentenced to prison!!!
INFO on Monika Schaefer's case: https://wir-sind-monika.com/
For expressing her opinion on historical events, Canadian citizen
Monika Schaefer has been arrested and imprisoned
(2018-1-3) in Germany. She had committed no crime. Author Mike Walsh warns
potential visitors to Germany to stay away from this dangerous police state.
–Merkel
Madness Grips Germany, (2018-1-7)
... Found guilty and sentenced to 10 months of imprisonment (time
served); her brother Alfred was sentenced to 38 months!! –(2018
November)
UPDATE (2019 August 10): Corruption of justice in Germany continues.
Alfred Schaefer
Receives 18 Months Additional Prison Time for Defending Himself!
Punished for simply presenting evidence for his own defense in court!
For more on Freedom (and Objectivism),
visit:
Freedomain Radio (www.freedomainradio.com)
presented by Stefan Molyneux.
Just Right Media (www.justrightmedia.org)
|
... about the author ...
Curriculum Vitae
© Copyright 2005-2021 by
Conrad Ranzan & DSSU Research
For information regarding permission to reproduce selected material herein, please contact:
D S S U Research
Niagara Falls, Canada
20th year on the Internet.
Most recent update:
2021 January 9
Visits since mid-2010 :

2021-1-9
|
| |
Mysteries and Paradoxes
that Plague Standard
Cosmology
Exposing the Untenability of the Expanding Universe Paradigm
|
|
Conrad Ranzan
DSSU Research, Niagara Falls, Canada
Published as an open-access article at www.CellularUniverse.org; 2008
(rev2014a)
|
|
|
Contents:
The Failed Quest
What Big Bang?
Mystery of the Primordial Atom
Mystery of Black Holes
Mystery of Anomalous Redshifts
Cosmic Edge Riddle
Curvature-of-Space Mystery
The Entropy Paradox
Homogeneity Paradox
Flatness-Oldness Problem
Age-of-the-Universe Paradox
Horizon Riddle
Structure in the Universe
Mystery of the Cosmological Constant
Galaxy Formation Mystery
Rotation-of-Galaxies Mystery
Galaxy Morphology-Density Mystery
Infinite Universe Mystery
The Mystery
of Gravitation
Shape-of-the-Universe Mystery
Planck-Scale Space-Time Mystery
Dark Matter & Dark Energy Mystery
Inflation Mystery
Expressions of Doubt
Mystery of the Accelerating Universe (The Crisis of 1998)
And More Mysteries |
|
|
|
In a popular book that details the scientific quest for the secrets
of the Universe, Dennis Overbye, science writer for the New York
Times, makes it clear that the search has failed. Overbye readily
admits, “in a way this book is about failure.” One reads in the book
“about what it’s like to be on the cosmological quest ... [with] the
priests and the mythmakers of our technological age”[Overbye,
p3] and, upon
finishing the last chapter, one is disappointed to find that the
secret of the Universe is missing.
Standard cosmology has failed, utterly and completely, in revealing
the true reality of the Universe —the reality of its fundamental
structure and fundamental processes.
Along the journey of mankind’s quest for the secrets of
the Universe the participants stumbled, misread the clues, and headed
down the wrong road. Long ago in the year 1887, cosmologists found
themselves at a fork in the road. In that historic year,
pioneering scientists misinterpreted a critically important physics
experiment. A smaller-than-expected speed for the Earth’s motion
through aether-space was duly found and recorded; but rather than
suspect some flaw in the instrument’s calibration, the final
conclusion of this famous experiment was that the aether motion had
not been detected. This conclusion, which became known as the
Michelson-Morley “null result,” sent fundamental physics and
mainstream cosmology down a tortuous path.
That error —invalid conclusion, wrong road— occurred in the 19th
century. Then, in the following century, that same wrong road
eventually led a major branch of science into the Big Bang blunder and
the fabrication of an associated creation myth. This strange
combination passes for standard cosmology, whose defining
feature is whole-universe expansion. Today in the
21st century the space sciences are still traveling along
this same path in the same wrong direction.
Standard cosmology is in the midst of a crisis. What follows should
leave no doubt.
One of the world’s most famous astronomers (and
unquestionably the world’s expert on peculiar galaxies), Halton Arp,
has collected the evidence over many years and —personally as well
as professionally— maintains that extragalactic redshifts are
not caused by an expanding universe. In taking such a
contrarian stand, this distinguished Professor is denying the very
foundation of all big bang models! If the universe does not
expand then obviously it does not constitute any sort of big
explosion. No big bang! [Arp 1998]
Halton Arp recognizes the crisis in his field, knows it is on the
wrong path, and struggles, in his words, “to get the mainstream of
astronomy back on track.”
|
I believe the observational
evidence has become overwhelming, and the Big Bang has in reality
been toppled. There is now a need to communicate the new
observations, the connections between objects and the new insights
into the workings of the universe ---all the primary obligations
of academic science, which has generally tried to suppress or
ignore such dissident information.
–Halton Arp [Arp 1998, Preface] |
|
One famous physicist/cosmologist, Hannes Alfvén
(1908-1995) —a
Nobel Laureate (plasma physics 1970) no less— came to recognize and
boldly reject the implausible. He was not about to waste time on a
road going nowhere. And neither was he going to waste words. To him it
was patently evident that the big bang never happened !
|
There is no rational reason to
doubt that the universe has existed indefinitely, for an infinite
time. It is only myth that attempts to say how the universe came
into being either four thousand years ago or twenty billion years
ago. –Hannes Alfvén [as in Lerner 1988] |
|
What did happen is that those early pioneers, confronted
with convincing evidence that cosmic space expands and presented with
sound theory that space (the vacuum) must expand, wisely concluded that space
indeed expands. But then some of those pioneers got carried away; they
decided that the entire Universe must be expanding!
The astronomers had their redshift measurements of apparently
receding galaxies and the relativist theorists had their mathematical
magic ... and the rest is history. The Big Bang was adopted as a result
of an overzealous utilization of history’s grandest unscientific
extrapolation.
Problem was, and still is, that the extrapolation won’t work. There
are serious problems with space-expansion extrapolation (think
cosmic-edge paradox) as well as with temporal extrapolation (think
beginning-of-universe paradox).
|
The problem with Big Bang
theorists, Alfvén argues, is that they try to extrapolate the
origin of the universe from mathematical theories rather than from
laboratory phenomena ...
–Eric J. Lerner [Lerner 1988] |
|
Now for some of the details of the treacherous road of obstacles
and pitfalls that impede the advancement of space science in general
and cosmology in particular. The obstacles are the mysteries and
unanswered questions that have led to a state of crisis. For the most
part they are the direct consequences of the invalid Big Bang cosmology.
Most are simply unresolvable within a universal-expansion paradigm. The
following compilation is not in any particular order, except that it
begins with the Big Bang’s primordial speck-of-almost-nothing and
culminates with the devastating Crisis of 1998.
The Big Bang universe is said to have originated as an
infinitely small primordial atom of infinite matter
density. But, according to cosmologist Edward R. Harrison
[Harrison 1981,
p229], “What happens at infinite density is not known, and for
physical reasons it is probable that a singular state of this nature
is unattainable.” Yet this
atom is said to transform itself into the Big Bang universe.
Now is there anyone who would deny that a speck of almost nothing
that contains almost everything is an outrageous paradox? The mystery of
the primordial atom is so unfathomable, so paradoxical, that it can
hardly qualify as science! The primordial atom is but a fantasy —an
outright contradiction.
This should more properly be called the mystery of the mechanism of
gravitational collapse. The black-hole concept simply represents
but one interpretation of gravitational collapse, one consequence of
excessive matter concentration.
In 1939 Einstein published a paper in which he showed
that matter could not be so condensed that the Schwarzschild radius
would fall outside the physical boundaries of the gravitating body and
thus become a reality. Einstein had essentially proved that
gravitational collapse does not result in a singular state; collapse
does not result in a black hole. (Unfortunately, Einstein’s finding was
not properly appreciated and never incorporated into the dominate
view. Peter Bergmann, one of Einstein’s students, in a book The
Riddle of Gravitation he authored many years later, played down
the significance of the 1939 paper by stating that Einstein “attempted
to show” that matter could not be so concentrated as to form a black
hole [Bergmann 1992, p131]. Bergmann, who had obviously become a fan of black holes,
implied, with his choice of the phrase “attempted to show,” that
Einstein’s proof had somehow failed.) Unfortunately, Einstein’s sound
reasoning on black holes was never adopted.
The equally eminent J. Robert Oppenheimer, along with two
collaborators, argued that when sufficient mass becomes concentrated
it will collapse into its Schwarzschild radius, and it will do so
because matter losses its stability to resist its own self gravitation
[Bergmann 1992, p131]. The Oppenheimer team
essentially proved that gravitational collapse does occur. If
the concentration of mass-and-energy is great enough, nothing
whatsoever can prevent the collapse. Here again, there is sound
reasoning backing the argument. The relevant question then is: But
what is the nature of this collapse?
The gravitational-collapse mystery has the most amazing
resolution. It turns out that under the New Cosmology resolution
Einstein and Oppenheimer were both right! The resolution that eludes
mainstream thinking is that gravitational collapse does not imply the
formation of black holes.
Halton Arp, over the years, has “collected enough so-called
anomalous redshifts to have overthrown conventional big bang
cosmology.” [Overbye, p390]
Astronomers have found many galaxy pairs and galaxy groups in which
the members are evidently close to each other —even interacting—
yet have redshifts that are radically at odds! Their redshifts don’t
make sense: If two galaxies are roughly in the same place then their
measured redshifts should agree with each other, since redshift is
supposed to be a measure of their distance (although the redshift may include a
relatively minor Doppler component due to local motion). The observational
fact that the redshifts don’t agree is considered anomalous. The mystery is in the
cause, and also why some of the anomalies are so extreme.
The cosmic edge riddle is probably the oldest riddle in
cosmology. In simple terms: Any finite universe has a cosmic edge. How
does one deal with that edge? In its ancient form the question was
graphically posed by the Pythagorean soldier-philosopher Archytas of
the 5th century B.C.; what happens to a spear when it is
hurled across the outer boundary of such a universe?
[Harrison 1981, p104]
What about an expanding universe? If it is finite and
Euclidean with three spatial dimensions, we would ask:
If the
universe is expanding, what in the world (or whatever) is it expanding
into? Furthermore, if it is expanding into a nothingness-void (or
whatever), why isn’t that considered part of our universe?
The Expanding-type universe based on general relativity
is able to solve the cosmic edge riddle by mathematically
zippering the boundary "edges" together resulting in a seamless
cosmos. Don't try to visualize this. It only works
mathematically.
The curvature of space is a mathematical concept; a
mathematical contortion of spacetime coordinates; a mathematical
formula. Curvature is a
concept that wonderfully describes what gravity does to things like
stars, objects, and light beams. Unfortunately no one seems to know
what this curvature actually is. Yes, of course, we all know
that mass curves space; but what in the name of reality does that
mean?
What is it that matter does to surrounding space? ...
Does it flash
geometric equations? ... Signal with tensor matrices?
And so, another mystery —a mystery that extends into
the spatial curvature of the entire Big Bang universe. Hence, we find in
research papers, and popular articles, numerous references to the
space curvature problem. For many years the question used
to be, "Is the curvature of the universe positive (closed), negative
(open), or neither (flat)?" Sounds like a simple enough question to solve —given
our modern observational sophistication. Anyway, a solution was found,
but amazingly the mystery has deepened. The two part question now
being asked is: Why is the universe negatively curved?! —and
yet at the same time appear so flat?! What is it to be,
hyperbolic curvature or zero curvature?
It is best to reserve judgment until better
data is obtained.
–Professor Edward Wright (1998) on the determination of spatial
curvature
While we wait for a resolution, let
us continue along the Big Bang, Expanding universe, mystery tour.
Mainstream cosmology tries to avoid this
puzzling pitfall. The topic is
rather embarrassing. The truth of the matter is that both the open
and the flat big-bang universes (these are the versions that have
the universe expanding forever) are based on a paradox —actually a
double paradox. And what is so embarrassing is that it is the worst
kind of paradox one could have in any theory —thermodynamic law
violation.
It is useful to understand the basic fact that heat energy is
disordered energy and is therefore the highest entropy
form of energy. And we all know that at the primordial big-bang-moment
things were hot —really, really hot! In theory, the temperature was at
its maximum. Naturally we should be able to assert that entropy was
also highest at that moment at the supposed birth of the universe. Now if
entropy is maximum in the early big bang, then how can entropy
increase as it is supposed to during the subsequent evolution of the
universe? Entropy is already at maximum! How can it increase further?
And yet thermodynamic law says it must increase! ... A paradox.
|
Recall that the primordial fireball
was a thermal
state—a hot gas in expanding thermal equilibrium. Recall, also,
that the term ‘thermal equilibrium’ refers to a state of
maximum
entropy. However, the second law demands that in its initial
state, the entropy of the [Big Bang] universe was at some sort of
minimum,
not a maximum!
What has gone wrong?
–Roger Penrose [Penrose 1990, p328] |
|
What is more, the open/flat universe (this includes the currently
popular accelerating version), by definition, expands forever. As it
expands, its regional average temperature becomes colder and colder. In
time, stars die, galaxies collapse, black holes evaporate. Left-over
radiation is relentlessly redshifted (a consequence of universal space
expansion). The temperature —the measure of the weakening radiation—
drops. The temperature in all regions of the universe approaches the
ultimate low of absolute zero. And in tandem, entropy approaches its
ultimate low value. By definition a system at absolute zero has zero
entropy. So the universe ends up having an ultimately low entropy when
it is supposed to end up (according to proven physical law) in a
maximum state of disorder (i.e., high entropy).
And we are left wondering: How can it be that entropy decreases in this
supposedly natural and closed system —the BB-expanding-universe
system? The second law is clear, entropy must only increase or remain
constant! Again, a paradox.
For an overview of the homogeneity
riddle let me simply quote from Edward Harrison’s cosmology textbook
[Harrison, p314]:
|
Widely separated regions, billions
of light years apart, are in similar states and are dynamically
synchronized. We would feel more comfortable with this amazing
state of homogeneity if we could explain why it exists. |
|
It is also known as the uniformity paradox.
“A major paradox in cosmology is the near uniformity of the
universe.” That's how it was explained in Scientific American Jan 1999
[Bucher & Spergel 1999, p69]. As happens with bad theories, there is a deeper
confounding level to any mystery. Such is the case here. Because the
Big Bang is an evolving cosmos, there is an additional perplexing aspect to
the uniformity paradox: Why does the distant past
look practically the same as the near-and-present?! Looking 10 billion
years, even 13 billion years, into the past looks very much the same as the present.
That’s
not the way it is supposed to appear in an expanding universe!
Metaphorically speaking, the challenge here is to explain how
something, say a building, can look almost the same before and after
it is ballistically blown apart.
The situation is this: Not only is the universe everywhere
uniform now; but it also appears to be uniform in time.
Past and present, then and now, are evidently uniform with each other.
In other words, the supposedly evolving Big Bang universe seems strangely
not to be evolving! ... Any objections to calling this the
cosmic-evolution paradox?
And yet, the resolution is so utterly obvious.
Originally the Flatness problem was described as the “riddle of why
the universe is neither dramatically open nor closed, but appears to
be almost perfectly balanced between these states.” [Ferris
1988, p398]
After the cosmology crisis of 1998 the problem became: Why is the balance
tipped in favor of an open universe doomed to expand
forever?
Notice how the course of Expansion cosmology is often a matter of
replacing one problem with another.
In addition to the Fatness problem there is also an Oldness
problem. Both are rooted in the criticality of the universe’s total
matter density. For the Flatness problem, if the matter density ratio
deviates from some critical value, the universe will either collapse
(making it a closed universe) or expand (making it an open universe).
Now for the Oldness problem, this same density ratio has an affect
on the BB universe’s life span. If the density is slightly above
criticality (by as little as 1 part in 1024 during the
first nanosecond of the primordial
genesis) the universe would already have ended. While a lower density
leads to a universe without end. The question is, why should we be so
close to that magic critical density? Hence, the Oldness riddle. The combined flatness-oldness riddle is a two sided coin.
[Wright 2003]
It seems that certain objects in the Universe have been found to
be older than what the Big Bang (BB) universe is believed to be. A somewhat embarrassing
situation. Among the most ancient observable stars are those found in
globular star clusters some of which are located near the Milky Way
galaxy. Estimates of their age, based on calculations of how fast
stars burn their nuclear fuel, have ranged from 10 to 20 billion years
(depending on the values of the various parameters used)
[Krauss, p56]. Such objects appear to be older than the universe
is supposed to be.
Science News, March 30, 2002, reported the discovery of the most
distant galaxy to date. The redshift measured 6.56, the highest ever
recorded. According to BB cosmology the object lies more than 13
billion lightyears from Earth, and by implication existed a mere 780
million years after the initial big bang. Another team of astronomers
was reported to have imaged a primordial grouping of galaxies —making
it the most distant known cluster. Think about what this means.
For BB believers it means fully formed galaxies and complete galaxy clusters all less than one
billion years old! But, of course, galaxies simply cannot form in such a short
time. Hence, an Age paradox.
Normally, a paradox is justification for model abandonment. However,
the BB model pulled a rabbit from its hat —something called
inflation. It solves the Age problem but does so at the expense of
introducing an even greater mystery. (See Inflation Mystery,
below.)
The Horizon mystery can be described in somewhat simplified
terms in the following way. Consider the early Big Bang universe at 300,000
years after its spontaneous genesis. The temperature of the sky
in opposite directions would have been about 3000 kelvin (per BB theory). These
opposite regions were not in contact and could not have influenced each other.
Yet amazingly, 10 or 15 billion years later (in the present era)
the measured temperature in the opposite extremes of the sky are equal
to each other by better than 1 part in 10,000. Remarkably, the Cosmic
Background Radiation (having 2.7 K temperature) observable in any
direction of our cosmic horizon does not deviate by more than 1 part
in 10,000. How is such coordination possible? This is known as the
Horizon riddle in BB cosmology.
[Wright 2003]
(also known as the inhomogeneity
mystery)
The following statement was true when it was
written in the 1980s. For Big Bang believers, it is still true today.
|
How the original unstructured
universe evolved into its present highly structured state is a
major unsolved riddle in cosmology.
–E.R. Harrison [Harrison 1981,
p218] |
|
The structure being referred to here is not of galaxies
themselves but the structure of the grouping of galaxies —the way they
cluster, the way they arrange into superclusters.
|
Rich superclusters and voids form a
quasi-regular lattice; ... However, there are several problems not
solved yet. [Such as] How large is the region of the regular superclusters-void network? ... Finally, the theoretical
questions: Why is there a preferred scale and why does it have a
[specific] value?
... no experimental result can be taken seriously if not
explained theoretically.
Also further theoretical analysis is needed to find the physical
origin of the scale and the extent of the regularity.
–Jaan Einasto [Einasto 2003] |
|
Let me make this clear: Astronomer Einasto, in his 2003 Paper, is
telling us that we should not take seriously the observed cellular
structure of the Universe because none of the Big Bang theories predict or
support such findings!!
Professor Einasto seems unaware, or just
unconcerned, that the Big Bang failed in 1998, that it is time to abandon
the its road-to-nowhere, that it is time for a reality check. An
entirely new roadmap is available. But who will risk a change of
direction? Certainly not the theorists trained and indoctrinated under
the Expansion-universe paradigm. While extremely reluctant to accept
new ideas, they are completely immune to revolutionary proposals. The
veracity and extraordinary explanatory power of a new theory is of no
concern, but is simply dismissed as an intriguing curiosity. Sadly,
such is the effectiveness of the mind conditioning, the Pavlovian
compliance to the official worldview.
Evidently the steering wheel of the BB wagon is stuck, as we
witness the its Designers searching for intelligibility, unfortunately
in the same old wrong direction. The situation is so desperate that
they are willing to try almost anything. For instance, some
cosmologists have decided that understanding is now to be sought in,
of all things, “randomness”! That’s right, chaotic processes! BB
cosmology is now, and has been for some time, focusing on the disorder of structure, or
randomness: “The naïve notion that at some scale the cosmos
becomes uniform has been replaced by an appreciation that the
large-scale structure of the universe must be understood in terms of
random processes.” [Landy 1999, p38] Although this quote, which was made by astrophysicist Stephen D. Landy,
expresses optimism that the new understanding will “help in untangling
some of the thorniest issues in cosmology”; the "new insight" only
serves to further misdirect the unroadworthy BB model.
New understanding? New insight? Not to mention a new working
relationship between astronomers and theoreticians: Astronomers find
patterns, while astrophysicists predict chaos! It is a strange
relationship that keeps the BB wagon rambling along: While Jaan
Einasto observes orderly cosmic-cell structure, professor
Stephen Landy orders-up a theory of disorder!
What can I say? ... If you don’t understand the workings of the
Universe, the real Universe, simply call them “random process.” But take note, randomness
may lead to confusion. Nevertheless, for some of the faithful
professionals, it seems that confusion is a good sign, as
expressed in the next comment.
|
[T]he Universe is a complicated
place, to put it mildly, and it is silly to think we will run out
of productive lines of research anytime soon. Confusion is a sign
that we are doing something right: it is the fertile commotion of
a construction site.”
–James E. Peebles [Peebles 2002] |
|
Big Bang cosmology has been under construction
for many many years.
How long? Since 1932, to be exact. When will the weary crews notice
that the structure, the efforts of their labors, lacks a proper
foundation? When indeed.
Meanwhile, other
mysteries demand attention.
Steven Weinberg, recipient of the Nobel Prize for Physics for 1979,
has written: “Theoretical physicists have been trying for years to
understand the cancellation of the cosmological constant, so far
without having found any convincing explanation.” [Weinberg
1992, p225]
“... most efforts concerning the cosmological
constant now focus on finding the underlying misunderstanding, the
missing piece of the standard model or the misconception about the
vacuum ...”
–Larry
Abbot [Abbot 1988]
“In spite of a lot of hard work and creative
ideas we still do not know why the cosmological constant is so small.” –Larry
Abbot [Abbot 1988]
“Not even [Stephen] Hawking claimed to
understand the cosmological constant problem.”
–D. Overbye [Overbye 1999, p241]
The Cosmological constant has
to do with the energy associated with space, that is, the
vacuum of space. Energy, like mass, produces a gravitational
effect; and because the universe is practically a sea of vacuum, the
energy of (or within) that vacuum must have an enormously powerful
effect on the gravitational behavior of the universe, on its rate
of expansion or contraction. A positive-valued Cosmological constant
is generally associated with an expansion scenario. Astronomical
observations into the deepest corners of the universe have found the
vacuum energy to be surprisingly small, practically negligible.
It is the smallness of the observed value that gives rise to the
greatest quantitative mystery ever encountered. While the measured
value is miniscule, the theoretically predicted value is unimaginably
large. The difference is unequivocally irreconcilable. No amount of
tinkering with theory parameters will work. And this is why a complete
cancellation effect is sought. The heart of the Cosmological-constant
mystery lies in the nature of the cancellation mechanism.
There are two factors to consider here; the first relates to the
observed smallness. An elementary fact, a basic-physics and
non-controversial truth, is that vacuum expansion is a
positive-energy effect and vacuum contraction is a
negative-energy effect. It so happens that vacuum expansion and vacuum
contraction may occur in segregated regions and totally cancel each
other. Properly configured, it works as an ongoing steady-state
cancellation effect. Operating as it does on a cosmic scale, it is a
truly simple and elegant cancellation mechanism and is, in large part,
responsible for the cellular structure of our universe.
Now here is an ironic dilemma with a paradoxical twist: The
foregoing proven-to-work resolution is not available to the big-bang
theorists. The reason is self-evident. Solving the enigma of the
observed small Cosmological constant by this method would utterly
destroy the Expanding-universe paradigm. If the resolution of
balancing space expansion with space contraction were to
be adopted, then there would be nothing driving the expansion of the
whole universe —there would be no Big Bang! Thus, in BB cosmology, the
first part of the Cosmological-constant mystery will always
remain a mystery.
The second factor in the cancellation relates to the absurd
theoretical value. Mainstream cosmology, having ignored (or missed)
the important message contained in Einstein’s Leyden lecture, has a
deep misconception of the nature of the vacuum.
As a concluding remark, the resolution of the cancellation enigma
can only be found within the new paradigm. Therein, the quest
for the Holy Grail of the Cosmological constant leads, on the small
scale, directly to the subquantum nature of vacuum and leads, on the
large scale, directly to the cellular nature of the
stable-and-nonexpanding universe.
Like a tour guide, Roger Penrose announces the next point of
interest, “Here we run into the unresolved and controversial issue of
how galaxies are actually formed, ...” [Penrose 1990, p328]
And in case my fellow travelers have any doubt, Steven Weinberg
assures us, “No one knows how galaxies formed...” [Weinberg
1992, p239]
I have cited a mathematician, and a particle physicist. Let
me also cite
an astronomer-astrophysicist.
“It is not too much to say that the
understanding of why there are these different kinds of galaxy, of how
galaxies originate, constitutes the biggest problem in present-day
astronomy.” –Fred Hoyle
[as in Harrison 1981, p68]
In conventional galaxy formation theory,
intergalactic space is supposed to be virtually empty. It is not.
Furthermore, angular momentum is supposed to be retained. It is not
retained. “Unfortunately, in the simulations the angular momentum
leaks away ... to the dark matter ... Apparently the models are still
missing an essential ingredient.” [Kauffmann & Bosch
2002]
“It remains to be seen whether the problems
really can be fixed or whether they indicate a need for a completely
new framework [for] our theory of galaxy formation ...”
[Kauffmann & Bosch 2002, p21]
Significantly and not by happenstance, the
latter Scientific American article gives no source, no causation
mechanism, for the angular momentum. This glaring omission takes us to
the next impasse along the BB road.
The pivotal question here is What is it that starts galaxies spinning? ... Check
any textbook or research paper. You will find no clear answer. Nowhere
will you find the root cause of the rotation of galaxies! It is
suspected that the cause of rotation has something to do with galactic
close-encounters, such as galaxies approaching each other and somehow
entering into an orbital relationship ultimately leading to a merger
and a concentration of angular momentum. The problem is, why would
field galaxies be moving in opposing directions in the first place?
Although getting a pair of galaxies to start orbiting each other is
not a simple matter —theoretically they should simply fly past each
other on a hyperbolic trajectory; but once the orbiting is initiated then
a lengthy process of merging into a spinning spiral galaxy becomes
inevitable. But the underlying problem remains. The deep mystery in
standard cosmology is why any two galaxies, other than those
falling into the core of some galaxy cluster, would be heading in opposing
directions!?
In general, all galaxies are supposed to partake in a universal expansion; all
are part of one-and-the-same explosion-like expansion; all heading in
the same radial direction. Galaxies do not bounce off cosmic walls and
they certainly do not change direction on their own.
According to an article in
Scientific American, the “so-called morphology-density relation has long puzzled
astronomers.” Where galaxies are sparsely distributed through space,
spirals dominate the population, only 10 to 20 percent are ellipticals. For the galaxies that are packed into clusters the
situation is reversed. “Ellipticals are the majority, and the spirals
that do exist are anemic systems depleted of gas and young stars.”
[Kauffmann & Bosch 2002]
Strangely, within dense galaxy clusters, where you would
expect much turbulence and many encounters to occur, spiral galaxies
are relatively rare. While in isolated and less-dense regions, where
you would expect sedentary elliptical-type galaxies, spirals are
abundant. How paradoxical!
A fundamental question: Is the universe limited or is it limitless
in size?
|
We do not know whether the universe
as a whole is finite or infinite in extent —either in space or in
time –R. Penrose [Penrose 1990, p4] |
|
This mystery does much to expose the lack of predictive potency of Big Bang
cosmology —unable to officially commit itself to either finitude or
infinitude. It sounds paradoxical but its underlying theory of general
relativity allows the Big Bang to be spatially finite or infinite.
The penultimate mystery surely must be the enigmatic effect known
as gravitation. Most truth seekers seem to agree that the riddle
of gravitation ranks second only to the mystery of existence
itself.
Newton’s theory of gravity provided a
functional numerical description of how matter-to-matter attraction works but did
not explain what gravity is.
|
I have not been able to discover
the cause of those properties of gravity from phenomena, and I
frame no hypotheses; –Isaac Newton |
|
In 1916 Albert Einstein improved the mathematical analysis of the
phenomenon. His general theory of relativity is considered the current
standard theory of gravitation. The theory gives a
description of the gravitational distortion of space; matter tells
space how to curve, while the curvature of space tells matter how to
move. But why? and how? is left unexplained.
|
Gravity as a warping of space was a
credible notion, though it gave not the least hint as to the
nature or origin of gravitation; why the presence of matter should
affect ‘space’ was left unexplained. –Edward
Milne [as in Harrison 1981, p316] |
|
This missing explanation for the cause of gravity is probably the
reason that Einstein’s distinguished student, Peter G. Bergmann,
titled his book "The Riddle of Gravitation" (Dover
Publications, Inc., New York).
In standard cosmological models it is a mystery how matter manages
to curve the space around it. It is a mystery how matter senses and
responds to space curvature. How indeed does matter/energy curl up
physical space?
What about gravitons, you ask?
|
Is gravitation best attributed to
the curvature of spacetime due to the presence of masses or to a
force between masses? Or should it be attributed to the actions of
a type of fundamental particle called a graviton, as conjectured
in some modern physics theories? We do not know.
–Halliday, et al. [Halliday 1997, p339] |
|
The editor of Scientific American, in Sept 1998, stated
openly and clearly,
“...the single most important unknown fact in cosmology:
[is] the shape of
the universe.” [p22]
You can really get lost in this Gordian mystery as you enter the
twisted realm of topology and multiple higher dimensions.
Unraveling the topological shape of the universe involves the esoteric
branch of cosmology that is explored exclusively by mathematicians. We
don’t hear much about successes in this field simply because there
aren’t any. The mathematical complexity is so multi-layered that the
challenge is in knowing when you’ve arrived at the answer, for the
answer may be even more complex than the original question.
For instance, the simplest version of string theory proposes that the
universe has nine dimensions. Not five, six, seven, or eight, but
exactly nine!
The mystery here, at least for the rest of us who still like to
think in terms of objective reality, is this: Why bother with higher
dimensions when the real universe has only three spatial dimensions
(and time is only a mathematical contrivance for the sake of
convenience)?
Lest my fellow travelers become weary along this road of
a failing cosmology they may be consoled by the assurance that clear
and definitive resolutions for all the mysteries being encountered are
available. Remember the fork in the road described earlier. There lies
the road of resolutions —that other road, rejected and by-passed back
in the year 1887. Be assured an entirely different experience is in
store, one that will fulfill our need for clear, objective, intuitive,
and self-consistent answers. It is the road that the new cosmology,
the DSSU, follows.
The Planck scale is where small becomes really
really small. This
mystery deals with the fundamental nature of space and
space-time on a scale of quantum units —a truly unimaginable small
scale.
|
But nobody has a precise notion of
exactly what happens when and where inside the fundamental
space-time uncertainty volume. –Henning Genz
[Genz 1994, p205] |
|
Treat this one with deep respect —for this is the mind-boggling
mystery where cosmology, the science of the ultimately large,
meets particle physics, the science of the ultimately small.
Standard cosmology has been, for
several decades, in search of what used to be called the missing
mass, but is now called dark matter —the stuff supposedly
needed to produce the "observed" gravitation.
|
It is embarrassing to admit, but
astronomers still don’t know what our universe is made of. The
objects that emit radiation that we can observe —such as stars,
quasars and galaxies— constitute only a small fraction of the
universe’s matter. –Martin
Rees [Rees 2002, p84] |
|
Not only embarrassing, but by now, downright discouraging.
Conventional cosmology is in dire need of a prodigious amount of
dark matter for the purpose of explaining (1) the spiral
galaxy anomaly (whereby the galaxy as a whole rotates far too quickly
according to Newton’s theory) and (2) the cohesion of galaxy clusters.
Without dark matter, according to the conventional argument,
spirals and clusters would fly apart for lack of gravitational mass.
The dark matter has never been seen, which is not surprising —it’s
dark. The problem is that it has never been detected by any means
whatsoever. The mystery is that the academics in the field have no
idea what constitutes this dark stuff!
Could it be? ... Good grief! ... Maybe it’s all just a monstrous
mistake. Quoting from Scientific American Cosmos 2002:
|
... a nagging doubt
[in mainstream cosmology theories]:
Could the enthusiasm generated by inflation [theory] and its
offshoots conceal a monstrous error?
–João Magueijo
[Magueijo 2002, p98] |
|
A helpful tip for those new to the subject of cosmology: When you
see the word “inflation” in connection with mainstream cosmology it
simply means a super fast Big Bang genesis. Yes, it’s faster than a
speeding bullet —even faster than the speed of light. Does it violate
the laws of physics? Probably not. Conveniently, during this early
evolutionary stage, the laws of physics were still being coded and had
not been finalized. It seems, the proponents of the inflation
hypothesis use a strategy by which laws are menu-ordered as needed.
There is, however, the peril of ordering-up an unpalatable law. The
risk lies in choosing wrong and having no way of checking, no way of
validating.
Confronted with frantic expansion faster
than lightspeed and fickle laws of physics ... what can I
say? With no constraining ties to reality, science becomes impotent! The
pursuit of objectivity becomes meaningless; and Academic cosmology
becomes modern myth-making.
Inflation is a make-believe mystery.
Despite the rough going, the establishment is committed to staying
the course. The practitioners of the big-bang hypothesis know the problems.
They know the seriousness and extent. And they occasionally express
doubts about its validity —warning us that there may be flaws,
helpfully labeling their "product" with disclaimers.
|
... we have our doubts about the
ultimate validity of the modern standard models of elementary
particle physics and cosmology, ...
–Henning Genz [Genz 1994,
p79]
The universe may have remained the same, at all times, on the
average. There are theories that have matter formation and
disintegration balance each other at all times. I, together with
the majority of scientists, don’t believe this to be a viable
model. But beware of majority rule
among scientists; the reader would do well to be open to
alternatives that might replace the accepted model of the hot Big
Bang. –Henning Genz [Genz 1994, p268]
Since its beginnings, the Big Bang Theory has evolved to rely
on a growing number of hypotheses required to explain experimental
observations: … The continuous addition of new hypotheses to a
theory constantly in disagreement with observations is a strong
indication that the underlying assumption, the Big Bang, is
invalid. Based on the large number of publications which expose
the theory's weaknesses, it is becoming clear that the Big Bang
Theory is collapsing under the weight of its own untested
assumptions. –Louis Marmet [Marmet 2013] |
|
Anyone with even a passing interest in space science is familiar
with this unforeseen development that occurred in 1998. In that year
the research into the decay of distant supernovae events revealed that
these objects are actually considerably farther from us than had been
expected. The findings were so contrary to theory that at first there
was considerable doubt. It was only after another study, by an
independent team, came to the same conclusion (that these "standard
candle" exploding stars were 20% to 25% farther than expected) that the crisis
hit home. The standard theories of the universe, the hot big bang
model and inflationary big bang model, had predicted that the
matter in the universe thrown out by the "big bang" should decelerate
as gravity acts to slow down this matter and eventually pull it all
inward in a "big crunch." But now, it seems, the opposite is true: the
speed of expansion of the universe is increasing! Mysteriously,
the universe is now accelerating —or so it is believed.
The failure of standard big bang theory became dramatically
obvious. The crisis threatened to destroy long-standing theories and
was, in timely fashion, detailed in a PBS NOVA program. And four
years later (in 2002) it was a televised feature story on
60 Minutes. Imagine casually throwing up your car keys; imagine
your surprise when they don’t fall back down but, instead, just keep
rising. That was the analogy used in the program. Physicists were
scratching their heads in bafflement. The New York Times on Jan 1,
2002, reported:
|
It’s definitely the strangest
experimental finding since I’ve been in physics,
–Dr. Edward Witten of the Institute for Advanced Studies in
Princeton |
|
The old standard Big Bang model failed a key reality check and
lost credibility. In a perfect world the 1998 experiments would have
doomed it.
|
If the facts do not agree with the
consequences of the hypothesis, the latter is destroyed, and we
must try some other hypothesis. –Bertrand Russell.
[Russell, p72] |
|
But no. Instead of being dispatched, the theory was promptly patched
and rehabilitated while a host of big bang variants appeared —a
literal inflation of models.
While any non-committed rational observer might ask “is the
acceleration even real?” or is it only apparent? as Overbye asked in
his New York Times Jan 1, 2002, article. Those committed to the Big Bang cause were less
cautious. They had an agenda —a road that had to be faithfully
followed.
And so, in 1998 astronomers and physicists convinced themselves
that the universe is accelerating —getting bigger and bigger, faster
and faster. How exciting! But wait a minute. ... Now there is a new
mystery! What’s driving this thing? Why is the universe accelerating?
You may be able to coast along with "expansion"; but you need a force when you bring
in "acceleration." No exception. ... Forget the minimal mystery of why the universe is expanding in the
first place; now there is the utterly baffling mystery of why it is
expanding with a vengeance!
|
In other ways this new dark
[acceleration leads to dilution
which leads to darkness] universe is utterly baffling, a road
map to new mysteries. Dr. Marc Davis, a cosmologist at the
University of California at Berkeley, called it ‘a universe chock
full of exotics that don’t make sense to anybody.’ –Dennis
Overbye [The New York Times July 23, 2002] |
|
This road to new mysteries sounds like the same old
wrong road we’ve been struggling along.
A brief and much needed reality check: The Universe (the
capitalized one, not the model one) does not expand. Perfectly valid
principles —ones applicable to our 3-dimensional Euclidean cosmos— say it can’t. In science you simply cannot
pick and choose fundamental principles irrespective of objective
reality. Principles are valid not
because they have been proven valid, but rather because they are
reasonable and no one has been able to disprove them. All agree that
the universe-is-everything principle is valid. Unless you can
come up with a comprehensible answer to the question, What does the
universe expand into? (and does not violate the all-inclusiveness
idea) then face the reality that the Universe is already fully
expanded —always has, always will be.
Other Mysteries: The above compilation is by no means complete.
There are others, equally fascinating.
Mystery of the Photon’s Fate: It is said that everything,
including photons, will eventually fall into some black hole. It is
also said that black holes gradually, very very slowly,
evaporate. In this process of evaporation, black holes are simply
emitting photons and are essentially transforming themselves entirely
into electromagnetic radiation (packets of photons). So, what then is
the ultimate fate of all the photons?
Olbers’ Paradox: True enough, Olbers’ Paradox has been resolved
for the Expanding universe. However, since the real Universe is not
expanding, it becomes necessary for this paradox to undergo a complete
overhaul. Thanks, in large part, to the discovery of a new mechanism
for the cosmic redshift this centuries-old-conundrum now has a new
resolution.
The Mass Question: What is the simple mechanism that bestows
the property of mass? With the well-publicized claimed discovery of
the Higgs particle, itself a mass particle, the deeper mystery now is
What bestows mass onto the Higgs particle?
Lastly, there is one mystery that sums-up most
of what has preceded and underlies its thematic spirit. It is captured
in a simple question and is posed in the 1999 book, Astronomy on
Trial: A Devastating and Complete Repudiation of the Big Bang Fiasco.
The question is:
“...why is it so easy to demonstrate
that they [professional cosmologists] are on the wrong track?”
–Roy C. Martin Jr. [Martin, p123]
* * *
Epilogue
It is amazing. Although
burdened with these Mysteries and Paradoxes, the expanding-universe
worldview somehow managed to gain great popularity and even official
recognition. … The most probable reason is the fact that there has
never been a Great Debate between Expansion cosmology and Equilibrium
cosmology. Was it a case of unprofessional oversight? Was it
outright incompetence? Or as argued elsewhere, the flawed science
agenda may well be the inevitable result of the way research is funded
and its actors are rewarded.
In sharp contrast to the
‘official’ version, there is the nonexpanding Steady State Worldview.
Research into the Dynamic Steady State Universe has been ongoing since the discovery year of
2001. Remarkably, it was found that most of the Mysteries and
Paradoxes described above simply do not exist in the DSSU! The rest
are readily resolved. Even more remarkable is that they are resolved
without the need for radical new physics and strange forms of matter.
2008-3 rev2014a
Copyright © by Conrad Ranzan
References (in alphabetical order)
-
Abbot, Larry. 1988. The Mystery of the Cosmological
constant, Scientific American May 1988. (Incidentally, this Scientific
American article is considered a classic.)
-
Arp, Halton. 1998. Seeing Red: Redshifts, Cosmology and
Academic Science (Apeiron, Montreal).
-
Bergmann, Peter. 1992. The Riddle of Gravitation (Dover Publications,
Inc., New York).
-
Bucher, Martin A. & Spergel, David N. 1999. Inflation in a Low-Density
Universe, Scientific American Jan 1999.
-
Einasto, Jaan.
2002. The Structure of the Universe on 100 Mpc Scales, in The
Ninth Marcel Grossmann Meeting (2000 July). Proceedings ed. V. G.
Gurzadyan, R. T. Jantzen, & R. Ruffini, p291-300, 2002 (http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002nmgm.meet..291E).
-
Ferris, Timothy. 1988. Coming of Age in the Milky Way (William Morrow
and Co., Inc., New York).
-
Genz, Henning. 1994. Nothingness, The Science of Empty Space (English
translation edition, 1999; Perseus Books Publishing).
-
Halliday, David; Resnick, Robert; and Walker, Jearl. 1997.
Fundamentals of Physics Extended, 5th Edition, (John Wiley & Sons,
Inc., New York, 1997).
-
Harrison, Edward R. 1981. Cosmology, the Science of the Universe
(Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK).
-
Kauffmann, G. & Bosch, F. 2002. The Life Cycle of Galaxies, Scientific
American Cosmos 2002.
-
Krauss, Lawrence M. 1999. Cosmological Antigravity, Scientific
American Jan 1999.
-
Landy, Stephen D. 1999. Mapping the Universe, Scientific American
June1999.
-
Lerner, Eric J. 1988. The Big Bang Never Happened, Discover, June
1988.
-
Magueijo, João. 2002. Plan B for the Cosmos, Scientific American
Cosmos 2002.
-
Marmet, Louis. 2013. The Fall of the Big Bang Theory, webarticle,
http://www.marmet.org/cosmology/fallofbigbang/index.html
-
Martin Jr., Roy C. 1999. Astronomy on Trial: A Devastating
and Complete Repudiation of the Big Bang Fiasco (University Press of
America, Lanham, Maryland).
-
Overbye, D. 1999. Lonely Hearts of the Cosmos (1999 ed.; Little, Brown
and Company).
-
Peebles, James E. 2002. Making Sense of Modern Cosmology, Scientific
American Cosmos, 2002 Vol 12, No 2.
-
Penrose, Roger. 1990. The Emperor’s New Mind (Oxford University Press,
New York).
-
Rees, Martin. 2002. Exploring Our Universe and Others, Scientific
American Cosmos 2002.
-
Russell, Bertrand. The Wisdom of the West, Editor Paul Foulkes
(Crescent Books, Inc., & Rathbone books Limited, London. Reprinted
1977 & 1978).
-
Weinberg, Steven. 1992. Dreams of a Final Theory (Pantheon Books, New York).
-
Wright, Edward L. 2003. Cosmology Tutorial Part 3 www.astro.ucla.edu/~wright/cosmo_03.htm
|
|
|
Top of page
Back to DSSU Home Page
|
|
|